砜吡草唑对小麦田杂草的除草活性及安全性评价

Herbicidal activity and safety evaluation of pyroxasulfone in wheat field

[目的]明确砜吡草唑对小麦田杂草的活性及在田间的应用效果,为其大面积推广应用提供理论依据。[方法]采用整株水平法测定了40%砜吡草唑悬浮剂的除草活性及对小麦的安全性,并通过田间药效试验评价其在田间的综合表现。[结果]砜吡草唑对硬草、看麦娘、日本看麦娘、繁缕、荠菜、泽漆、播娘蒿、婆婆纳、宝盖草的活性较高,处理剂量90 g a.i./hm^(2)时,鲜质量抑制率达91.0%~100.0%,对看麦娘、播娘蒿、日本看麦娘的GR_(50)分别为12.59、4.19、14.47 g a.i./hm^(2);砜吡草唑在供试小麦淮麦44、烟农999、泉麦31与3种杂草看麦娘、播娘蒿、日本看麦娘之间的选择性指数在11.98~46.02之间,高于对照药剂氟噻草胺。田间结果表明,砜吡草唑各剂量下对婆婆纳、猪殃殃、宝盖草均防效较高,鲜质量防效达94.1%以上,且对供试小麦安全。[结论]砜吡草唑对供试多种夏熟作物田杂草均具有良好活性,且对小麦安全,具有良好的麦田应用前景。

[Aims] This study aims to clarify the activity and application effect of pyroxasulfone in wheat fields, and to provide a theoretical basis for its wide application. [Methods] The herbicidal activity and safety of pyroxasulfone 40%SC in wheat was tested by whole-plant, and the field efficacy was evaluated. [Results] Pyroxasulfone showed high biological activities against Sclerochloa dura, Alopecurus aequalis, A. japonicus, Stellaria media, Capsella bursapastoris, Euphorbia helioscopia, Descuratinia sophia, Veronica didyma and Lamium amplexicaule, the control effect were 91.0%-100% at the treatment dosage of 90 g a.i./ha, the GR_(50) of A. aequalis, D. sophia and A. japonicus were 12.59, 4.19 and 14.47 g a.i./ha, respectively. The selectivity index of pyroxasulfone between the three wheat varieties and the three weeds A. aequalis, D. sophia, A. japonicus were from 11.98 to 46.02, which were higher than those of the control herbicide flufenacet. The field efficacy results showed that pyroxasulfone had a good control effect above 94.1% against V. didyma, Galium spurium and L. amplexicaule at the treatment dosages, and was safe for the tested wheat.[Conclusions] Pyroxasulfone has good activity against weeds in various wheat fields, it is safe for wheat and has good application prospect in wheat fields.