动车组与大型动物高速碰撞的安全性研究

Research on safety of EMUs under high-speed collision with large animals

为研究动车组与大型动物高速撞击下的安全性,通过实物扫描和数据处理得到鹿的三维曲面模型,建立鹿的有限元层叠模型,选用弹塑性材料模拟鹿的身体骨骼,在材料属性参数中通过输入塑性失效应变模拟骨骼破坏,选用线弹性材料本构模型模拟鹿的肌肉和皮肤,并进行摆锤侧面碰撞仿真验证。通过分析动物穿过轨道时与动车组车头的位置关系,参照CEN/TR 17420:2020标准中有轨电车与行人发正面碰撞和偏置碰撞的定义,设置列车以最高运营速度160 km/h与侵入轨道的鹿发生正面碰撞和偏置碰撞2种碰撞场景。有限元仿真分析结果显示:在正面碰撞场景下,头车车体的平均减速度最大,在任意30 ms和120 ms间隔内最大平均减速度分别为0.73g和0.21g,低于EN 15227标准规定的10g和5g要求;轮对最大抬升量为1.64 mm,远小于轮缘名义高度28 mm的75%。在偏置碰撞场景下,头车车体的平均减速度最大,在任意30 ms和120ms间隔内最大平均减速度分别为0.53g和0.13g,低于EN 15227标准规定的10g和5g要求;轮对最大抬升量为1.75 mm,远小于轮缘名义高度28 mm的75%。在2种碰撞场景下,车体结构、车钩、防爬器、主吸能器和排障器均未发生塑性变形,所有评价指标均满足EN 15227:2020标准的规定要求,说明设计的动车组安全可靠,车体能够承受鹿或其他大型动物的高速撞击。

In order to study the safety of EMUs under high-speed collision with large animals,a three-dimensional curved surface model of deer was generated through physical scanning and data processing,and then a finite element stack model of deer was established.With a kind of elastic-plastic material selected to simulate deer’s body skeleton,which can simulate skeleton damage by inputting the plastic failure strain in the parameter field of material attributes,and a constitutive model of linear elastic materials was selected to simulate their muscle and skin,and the pendulum side collisions were carried out for verification.By analyzing the spatial relationship between the EMUs head and animals crossing the track,and referring to the definitions of frontal collision and offset collision between trams and pedestrians specified in CEN/TR 17420:2020 standard,two collision scenarios,i.e.frontal collision and offset collision,were set between the train at the maximum operating speed of 160 km/h and deer invading the track.The results of the finite element simulation analysis are as follows.Under the frontal collision scenario,the mean deceleration of the body of the head car is the highest,and the maximum mean deceleration in any 30 ms and 120 ms intervals is 0.73g and 0.21g respectively,which is lower than the requirements of10g and 5g specified in EN 15227 standard;The maximum wheelset lifting amount is 1.64 mm,which is far less than 75%of the nominal flange height of 28 mm.In the offset collision scenario,the mean deceleration of the body of the head car is the highest,and the maximum mean deceleration in any 30 ms and 120 ms intervals is 0.53g and 0.13g respectively,which is lower than the requirements specified of 10g and 5g in EN 15227 standard;The maximum wheelset lifting amount is 1.75 mm,which is far less than 75%of the nominal flange height of 28 mm.Under the two collision scenarios,the carbody structure,coupler,anti-creeper,main energy absorber and pilot are free of plastic deformation,and all the evaluation indicators meet the requirements of EN 15227:2020 standard,which indicates that the designed EMUs is safe and reliable,and the carbody can withstand high-speed collisions of deer or other large animal.