2021年黄河秋汛洪水特点及对山东河段的影响

Flood Characteristics of Flood Season in Autumn of Yellow River in 2021 and the Impact on Shandong Reach

受黄河中下游持续强降雨影响,2021年黄河中下游发生了自新中国成立以来最严重的秋汛,支流渭河、汾河、伊洛河、沁河均出现有实测资料以来同期历史极值。2021年黄河秋汛洪水从9月中旬持续到10月下旬,具有发生时间集中、场次多、洪峰高、水量大、历时长、防御难等特点,经小浪底水库调节后进入山东境内的洪峰峰型发生了改变,河道断面形态得到了调整。此次秋汛对东平湖泄洪产生了不利的影响,但秋汛期间各水库通过引蓄黄河水对洪水起到了分流的作用,减轻了下游的防洪压力。

Affected by the continuous heavy rainfall in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River,the most serious flood situation in autumn occurred in 2021 since 1949.The branch rivers of Weihe,Fenhe,Yiluo and Qinhe showed historical extreme figures in the same period since measured data were available.From mid-September to late October in 2021,the flood of the Yellow River occurred concentrated in many times,with high flood peak and large quantities,which lasted long time and hardly controllable.Through the regulation by the Xiao Langdi Reservoir,the flood peak type changed after flowing in Shandong,with adjusted river cross-section.The autumn flood had adverse effect on Dongping lake,but due to diverting discharge and restoring flodd water by different reservoirs,the pressure of flood control in the downstream was reduced accordingly.