控释掺混肥对双季玉米氨挥发和肥料养分回收率的影响

Effects of controlled-release mixed fertilizer on ammonia volatilization and fertilizer nutrient recovery rate of double maize cropping system

为了减少氨挥发、提高养分利用效率,以春季子粒玉米-秋季青贮玉米为种植体系,以不施肥为对照,通过设置常规施肥(单质肥和复合肥)和控释掺混肥(比常规施肥氮用量减少20%,控释尿素分别占50%、70%和100%)研究控释肥适宜掺混比例及对氨挥发和养分利用效率的影响。结果表明,所有施肥处理的玉米产量显著高于不施肥对照;在施肥模式下,常规施肥(CG1、CG2)之间、控释掺混肥(CF1、CF2、CF3)之间以及常规施肥与控释掺混肥之间玉米产量均无显著差异。春子粒玉米季氨挥发主要发生在施肥后30 d内、秋青贮玉米季则主要发生在施肥后15 d内,秋青贮玉米季氨挥发高峰显著高于春子粒玉米季;常规施肥模式下复合肥处理氨挥发量低于单质肥处理,控释掺混肥模式下3个处理之间无明显差异,以100%控释肥(CF3)处理氨挥发最低。春子粒玉米氮素回收率从高到低依次为CF1、CF3、CF2、CG2、CG1。综合考虑产量、氨挥发、氮素回收率以及成本,在江汉平原春季子粒玉米+秋季青贮玉米模式下以N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O施用量分别为168、105、150 kg/hm^(2),控释尿素占比50%效果最好。

In order to reduce ammonia volatilization and improve nutrient utilization efficiency,the experiment was conducted to study the effects of controlled-release mixed fertilizer on ammonia volatilization and nutrient utilization efficiency by setting conventional fer⁃tilization treatments(simple matter fertilizer and compound fertilizer)and controlled-release mixed fertilizer treatments(20% less ni⁃trogen than conventional fertilization,50%,70% and 100% controlled-release urea),with“grain maize in spring-silage corn in au⁃tumn”as planting system and no fertilization as control.The results showed that the yield of grain maize and silage corn under all fertil⁃ization treatments was significantly higher than that of the control treatment,and there were no significant differences in the yield of grain maize and silage corn among different fertilization treatments.Ammonia volatilization occured mainly within 30 days after fertil⁃ization in grain maize season and within 15 days after fertilization in silage corn season.The peak of ammonia volatilization in silage corn season was significantly higher than that of grain maize season.The ammonia volatilization of compound fertilizer was lower than that of simple fertilizer;there was no obvious difference among different treatments of the controlled-release mixed fertilizer,and the ammonia volatilization was lowest in CF3 treatment.The nitrogen recovery rates of grain maize from high to low were CF1,CF3,CF2,CG2 and CG1.Considering the yield,ammonia volatilization,nitrogen recovery rate and cost,the suitable fertilization ratio was N,P_(2)O_(5),K_(2)O of 168,105,150 kg/hm^(2),and controlled-release urea accounting for 50%in the“grain maize in spring-silage corn in autumn”system in Jianghan Plain.