清华简《三不韦》“■明”解——兼说金文中的“粦明”

An Explanation of"[亡口月凡]明"in the Tsinghua San Bu Wei Manuscript:With a Discussion of"粦明”in Bronze Inscriptions

清华简《三不韦》篇“[大能]明”一词所用“[大能]”字,是由“■”字讹变而来的,在楚文字中“■”可用作“酓”“翌”“熊”,或作“熊”的声符。“■”的讹省之形与“能”相同,楚文字中“[羽能]”和“[日能]”所从的“能”,实际上是“■”的讹省之形,在这两个字的构形中都作为声符。《三不韦》“■明”一词,与典籍“钦明”相当,可训为“敬慎黾勉”。西周金文“粦明”也表示“敬慎黾勉”义,与“■明”“钦明”记录的可能是同一古成语。

The graph[大能]used in the Tsinghua San bu wei参不韦manuscript is a corrupted form of ■.The graph ■ is used in Chu script as the phonophore of yan酓,yi翌,and xiong熊.The corrupted form of ■ is similar to neng能.In fact,the neng能phonophore in the Chu script forms of[羽能]and[日能],is actually this corrupted form of ■.The word ■明in San bu wei is written as qinming钦明in classical texts,and can be translated as“be careful and diligent.”The word linming粦明in Western Zhou bronze inscriptions also means“be careful and diligent,”and it is possible that these three words preserve the same ancient idiom.