奶牛养殖的适度规模化问题研究

Research on the problem of appropriate scale of dairy cattle breeding

为了探索奶牛养殖的规模化问题,对比分析了2004—2018年散户养殖和规模化奶牛养殖的收益成本。结果表明,奶牛散户养殖的成本利润率较高,但其经营风险最大且人工成本最高,主产品出售价格偏低;中大规模奶牛养殖的规模效应暂时没有显现,但从长期来看,中大规模奶牛养殖将成为发展趋势,应予以大力扶持。因此建议积极支持散户向小规模转变,引导适度规模发展,中长期应规划奶牛养殖向中大规模发展,节本增效。

In order to explore the scale of dairy farming,the benefits and costs of retail farming and large-scale dairy farming from2004 to 2018 were compared and analyzed.The results showed that the cost profit margin of individual dairy farming was higher,but its operation risk and the labor cost were the highest,and the selling price of the main products was low.The scale effect of medium and large-scale dairy farming had not appeared for the time being,but in the long run,medium and large-scale dairy farming would become a development trend and should be vigorously supported.Therefore,it was suggested to actively support the transformation of retail investors to small-scale dairy farming,guide the development of the moderate scale,and plan the development toward medium and large-scale dairy farming in the medium and long term,so as to save costs and increase efficiency.