学习困难儿童积极心理品质与心理健康的关系研究

Study on relationship between positive mental characters and mental health of children with learning disability

目的 探究学习困难儿童积极心理品质与心理健康的发展现状以及两者之间的关系。方法 采用问卷法对3~6年级的学习困难儿童进行心理健康调查,分析积极心理品质与心理健康的关系,以年龄、性别等相匹配的非学习困难儿童(普通儿童)作为对照。结果 入选学习困难儿童67名,普通儿童(对照) 64名。学习困难儿童的积极心理品质处于中等水平,显著低于普通儿童(P<0.05);学习困难儿童的积极心理品质总分及勇敢、人性、公正、超越维度得分与普通儿童的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);学习困难儿童的心理健康得分处于正常范围内,显著高于普通儿童(P<0.01);学习困难儿童心理健康的学习焦虑、对人焦虑、自责倾向、身体症状、冲动倾向维度得分与普通儿童的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。学习困难儿童积极心理品质与心理健康整体呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。结论 学习困难儿童的积极心理品质能够有效预测心理健康状况。建议开展积极的心理健康教育以改善学习困难儿童的心理健康状况。

Objective To explore the development status of positive mental characters and mental health of children with learning disability(LD) and the relationship between them. Methods The questionnaire method was used to investigate the mental health of LD children from grade 3 to grade 6, and the relationship between positive mental quality and mental health was analyzed. The age-and gender-matched non-learning disabled children(normal children) were used as controls. Results A total of 67 LD children and 64 normal children were enrolled. The positive mental character of LD children was in the middle level, which was significantly lower than that of the controls(P<0.05). Compared with the controls, there were significant differences in the total score of positive mental character, and scores of courage, humanity, justice, and transcendence in the LD children(P<0.05, P<0.01). The mental health level of LD children was in the normal range, which was significantly higher than that of the controls(P<0.01). Compared with the controls, there were significant differences in learning anxiety, anxiety towards others, self-blame tendency, physical symptoms, and impulsivity tendency in the LD children(P<0.05, P<0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between positive mental character and mental health in LD children(P<0.05). Conclusion The positive mental character of LD children can effectively predict their mental health status. It is suggested to carry out positive mental health education to improve their mental health status.