基于POI数据的哈尔滨市中心五区商业网点空间格局及影响因素研究

Research on Spatial Patterns and Influencing Factors of Commercial Outlets in the Five Central Districts of Harbin City Based on POI Data

基于商业网点POI数据,利用最邻近指数、核密度分析、多层缓冲区分析等方法对哈尔滨市中心五区商业格局进行梳理,探索商业及其子行业空间分异与影响因素。结果表明:(1)中心五区商业网点集聚显著,呈“核心-外围”结构、东北-西南走向,峰值在距市中心2~3 km处。(2)子行业视角下,网点空间格局可分为单核心集聚、单核心分散、多核心集聚和多核心分散4类;方位角均在79°~95°;圈层结构上,家居建材倾向布局在城市外围,其余子行业峰值都在距市中心2~5 km处;均衡性上,与生活关系密切的商业均衡性强,专业性强的商业网点均衡性弱。(3)商业及其子行业集聚效应明显,近半数子行业间呈较强正向关联;通达性的提升能够增加地块商业活力与网点密度;商业网点整体布局与地价相差较小,子行业对地价敏感度存在差异。

Based on the POI data of commercial outlets,the nearest neighbor index,kernel density,multi-layer buffer analysis,and other methods were used to sort out the commercial pattern of the five central districts of Harbin City.Furthermore,the article explored the spatial differentiation and influencing factors of commerce and its sub-industries.The result shows:(1)Harbin has a remarkable concentration of commercial outlets;It has a“core-periphery”structure,and a northeast-southwest trend,with a peak at 2 to 3 km away from the center.(2)From the perspective of sub-industries,the spatial pattern of outlets can be divided into single-core highly agglomerated,single-core decentralized distribution,multi-core agglomeration,and multi-core decentralized;The azimuth angles of the sub-industries are all between 79°and 95°;In the circle structure,home building materials tend to be located in the periphery,and the peaks of other sub-industries are 2 to 5 km away from the center;In terms of equilibrium,close relationship with life,strong business balance,strong professionalism,weak network balance.(3)The agglomeration effect of commerce and its sub-sectors is noticeable,half of the sub-industries are strongly correlated and share customer sources;The improvement of traffic accessibility can increase the commercial vitality of the plot;The overall layout of commercial outlets is slightly different from land prices,and there are differences in the sensitivity of sub-sectors to land prices.