贫困山区旅游发展与区域贫困脱钩关系演变及影响因素--以大湘西地区为例

Evolution Characteristics and Affecting Factors of Decoupling Relationship between Tourism Development and Regional Poverty of Poor Mountainous Area:A Case Study of Western Hunan

通过构建旅游发展与区域贫困评价指标体系,采用熵值法、Tapio脱钩模型和地理探测器方法,探究2005-2020年大湘西地区旅游发展与区域贫困综合水平及其脱钩关系演变特征,并分析其相关影响因素与作用机制。结果表明:(1)区域贫困程度呈持续下降态势,旅游发展水平呈“震荡起伏”式上升态势,二者呈“逆向”演变走势。(2)旅游发展与区域贫困脱钩关系存在强脱钩、弱脱钩、衰退脱钩、弱负脱钩、强负脱钩5种类型,区域和市(州)尺度出现频率最高的均为强脱钩类型,市(州)际间旅游与贫困脱钩关系存在显著的时空异质性。(3)影响旅游发展与区域贫困脱钩关系演变的主要因素为实际利用外商投资额、国内游客人次、水资源、社会销售品零售总额、城乡居民储蓄存款余额、人口城镇化率、耕地面积占比、森林覆盖率,社会经济背景条件是影响旅游与贫困两大系统关系优化的主导变量。

By constructing the index system of tourism development and regional poverty,the entropy method,Tapio decoupling model and geodetector method are used to explore the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of tourism development and regional poverty level and their decoupling relationship from 2005 to 2020 in Western Hunan.The findings are as follows:(1)The degree of regional poverty shows a continuous downward trend,while the level of tourism development shows a“fluctuating”upward trend,which shows a“reverse”evolution trend with regional poverty.(2)There are five types of decoupling between tourism development and regional poverty,such as strong decoupling,weak decoupling,recession decoupling,weak negative decoupling and strong negative decoupling.The highest frequency of occurrence in regional and city(prefecture)scale is the strong decoupling type,the decoupling relationship between tourism and poverty has a significant spatio-temporal heterogeneity among cities(prefectures).(3)The main factors affecting the spatial-temporal evolution of the decoupling relationship between tourism development and regional poverty are the amount of actual use of foreign investment,domestic tourist arrivals,water resource,total retail sales of social goods,balance of savings deposits for urban and rural residents,urbanization rate of population,the proportion of cultivated land area,forest coverage rate,the social and economic condition is the dominant variable affecting the optimization of the relationship between tourism and poverty.