艾叶油治疗慢性支气管炎的实验研究

Experimental study on the treatment of chronic bronchitis with mugwort oil

目的基于艾叶油成分具有抑菌、镇咳、祛痰及平喘等药理学作用,探究艾叶油对慢性支气管炎的治疗效果。方法选取健康小鼠75只,随机分为A组(生理盐水对照)、B组(中药急支糖浆阳性对照)、C1组(艾叶油低剂量)、C2阻(艾叶油中剂量)、C3(艾叶油高剂量),每组15只;应用枸橼酸喷雾引咳法观察咳嗽潜伏期时间。另选取50例健康小鼠,随机分为D组(鲜竹沥口服液)、E组(生理盐水对照)及F1组(艾叶油低剂量)、F2组(艾叶油中剂量)、F3组(艾叶油高剂量),每组10只;应用气道酚红排泄法计算酚红浓度。选取80只大鼠,分为慢性支气管炎模型组艾叶油低剂量组(150 mg/kg)和艾叶油大剂量组(300 mg/kg)、实验对照固本咳喘片组(160 mg/kg),每组20只;进行平喘实验。采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)测定艾叶油有机成分;采用微量肉汤梯度稀释法测量艾叶油体外抑菌最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)。分析艾叶油GC-MS结果、艾叶油体外抑菌试验结果(液体试管法);比较A组、B组、C1组、C2组、C3组小鼠咳嗽潜伏期;比较E组、D组、F1组、F2组、F3组小鼠酚红排泄量;比较慢性支气管炎模型组、艾叶油低剂量组、艾叶油大剂量组、实验对照固本咳喘片组大鼠肺溢流压力及注射组织胺后溢流压力变化。结果艾叶油的止咳实试验结果表明:艾叶油各组咳嗽潜伏期均明显延长,且一定程度上呈剂量依赖性,B组、C1组、C2组、C3组咳嗽潜伏期分别为(51.79±18.61)、(44.14±7.99)、(57.60±7.82)、(62.98±23.47)min,均长于A组的(18.79±9.43)min,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);B组与C1组、C2组、C3组咳嗽潜伏期比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。艾叶油的祛痰实验结果表明:各组小鼠气道酚红排泄量均增加,且一定程度上呈剂量依赖性。D组、F1组、F2组、F3组酚红排泄量分别为(55.19±9.61)、(49.14±8.49)、(57.60±8.72)、(60.98±10.67)μg/ml,均高于E组的(18.23±4.43)μg/ml,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);D组与F1组、F2组、F3组酚红排泄量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。艾叶油低剂量组、艾叶油大剂量组肺溢流压力分别为(7.27±0.89)、(7.74±0.90)kPa,均低于慢性支气管炎模型组的(9.84±1.28)kPa和实验对照固本咳喘片组的(9.09±1.37)kPa,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);慢性支气管炎模型组与实验对照固本咳喘片组肺溢流压力比较及艾叶油低剂量组与艾叶油大剂量组肺溢流压力比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。注射组织胺后,艾叶油低剂量组、艾叶油大剂量组肺溢流压力升高时间分别为(1.87±0.98)、(1.84±0.93)s,长于慢性支气管炎模型组的(1.24±0.52)s,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);慢性支气管炎模型组与实验对照固本咳喘片组肺溢流压力升高时间比较及艾叶油低剂量组与艾叶油大剂量组肺溢流压力升高时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。艾叶油低剂量组、艾叶油大剂量组肺溢流压力升高值分别为(1.40±0.55)、(1.21±0.62)kPa,均小于慢性支气管炎模型组的(1.79±0.82)kPa与实验对照固本咳喘片组的(1.72±0.89)kPa,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);慢性支气管炎模型组与实验对照固本咳喘片组肺溢流压力升高值比较及艾叶油低剂量组与艾叶油大剂量组肺溢流压力升高值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。艾叶油低剂量组、艾叶油大剂量组肺溢流压力持续时间分别为(4.05±3.02)、(4.54±2.52)min,均短于慢性支气管炎模型组的(8.24±5.39)min,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);艾叶油低剂量组、艾叶油大剂量组、实验对照固本咳喘片组注射组织胺后肺溢流压力变化持续时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论艾叶油具有抑菌、杀菌、镇咳、祛痰、平喘作用,且呈剂量依赖性。

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of mugwort oil on chronic bronchitis based on the pharmacological effects of mugwort oil such as antibacterial,antitussive,expectorant and antiasthmatic.Methods 75 healthy mice were randomly divided into group A(saline control group),group B(positive control group of Chinese medicine acute syrup),group C1(low dose group of mugwort oil),group C2(medium dose group of mugwort oil)and group C3(high dose group of mugwort oil),with 15 mice in each group;the cough latency time was observed by applying citric acid spray induction method.Another 50 healthy mice were randomly divided into group D(Xianzhuli oral liquid group),group E(normal saline control group),group F1(low dose of mugwort oil group),group F2(medium dose of mugwort oil group)and group F3(high dose of mugwort oil group),with 10 mice in each group;the concentration of phenol red was calculated by airway phenol red excretion method.80 rats were randomly divided into a chronic bronchitis model group,a low dose of mugwort oil group(150 mg/kg),a high dose of mugwort oil group(300 mg/kg)and an experimental control group of Guben Kechuan tablets(160 mg/kg),with 20 rats in each group;all receivedantiasthmatic experiment.The organic components of mugwort oil were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS);the minimum inhibit concentration(MIC)and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)of mugwort oil in vitro were measured by micro-broth gradient dilution method..The organic components of mugwort oil were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS);the minimum inhibit concentration(MIC)and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)of mugwort oil in vitro were measured by micro-broth gradient dilution method.The GC-MS results of mugwort oil and the in vitro antibacterial test results of mugwort oil(liquid test tube method)were analyzed;the cough latency of mice in group A,group B,group C1,group C2 and group C3 were compared;the excretion of phenol red in mice in group E,group D,group F1,group F2 and group F3 were compared;the changes of pulmonary overflow pressure and overflow pressure after injection of histamine in rats in chronic bronchitis model group,low dose of mugwort oil group,high dose of mugwort oil group and experimental control group of Guben Kechuan tablets were compared.Results The results of the cough suppression test with mugwort oil showed that the cough latency was significantly prolonged in all groups of mugwort oil and was somewhat dose-dependent.The cough latency in group B,group C1,group C2 and group C3 were(51.79±18.61),(44.14±7.99),(57.60±7.82)and(62.98±23.47)min,which was longer than(18.79±9.43)min in group A,and all differences were statistically significant(P<0.05);there was no statistically significant difference between group B and group C1,group C2,and group C3 in terms of cough latency(P>0.05).The results of the expectorant test with mugwort oil showed that the excretion of phenol red in the airway of mice in each group increased in a dose-dependent manner to a certain extent.The excretion of phenol red in group D,group F1,group F2 and group F3 were(55.19±9.61),(49.14±8.49),(57.60±8.72)and(60.98±10.67)μg/ml,which were higher than(18.23±4.43)μg/ml in group E,and the differences were all statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference between group D and group F1,group F2 and group F3 in terms of excretion of phenol red(P>0.05).The pulmonary overflow pressures in the low dose of mugwort oil group and high dose of mugwort oil group were(7.27±0.89)and(7.74±0.90)kPa,which were lower than(9.84±1.28)kPa in the chronic bronchitis model group and(9.09±1.37)kPa in the experimental control group of Guben Kechuan tablets,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in pulmonary overflow pressures between chronic bronchitis model group and experimental control group of Guben Kechuan tablets,low dose of mugwort oil group and high dose of mugwort oil group(P>0.05).After injection of histamine,the rise time of pulmonary overflow pressure in the low dose mugwort oil group and the high-dose of mugwort oil group were(1.87±0.98),(1.84±0.93)s,which were longer than(1.24±0.52)s of the chronic bronchitis model group,and the differences were all statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in rise time of pulmonary overflow pressure between chronic bronchitis model group and experimental control group of Guben Kechuan tablets,low dose of mugwort oil group and high dose of mugwort oil group(P>0.05).The rise of pulmonary overflow pressure in the low-dose of mugwort oil group and high-dose of mugwort oil group were(1.40±0.55)and(1.21±062)kPa,which were less than(1.79±0.82)kPa in the chronic bronchitis model group and(1.72±0.89)kPa in the experimental control group of Guben Kechuan tablets,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in rise of pulmonary overflow pressure between chronic bronchitis model group and experimental control group of Guben Kechuan tablets,low dose of mugwort oil group and high dose of mugwort oil group(P>0.05).The duration of pulmonary overflow pressure of the low dose of mugwort oil group,high dose of mugwort oil group were(4.05±3.02)and(4.54±2.52)min,which were shorter than(8.24±5.39)min of the chronic bronchitis model group,and the differences were all statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in duration of pulmonary overflow pressure between chronic bronchitis model group and experimental control group of Guben Kechuan tablets,low dose of mugwort oil group and high dose of mugwort oil group(P>0.05).Conclusion Artemisia argyi oil has antibacterial,bactericidal,antitussive,expectorant,and antiasthmatic effects in a dose-dependent manner.