企业数据向善:概念、测量与展望

Enterprise data for good:Concept,measurement and prospect

近年来频发的大数据杀熟、隐私泄露等数据安全事件,促使实业界和学术界开始反思企业如何合理使用数据,用数据来做好事,企业数据向善成为极具研究潜力和研究价值的新领域。然而,相关研究尚处于起步阶段,多停留在技术的实践及应用层面。鉴于此,文章首先回顾企业数据向善形成的两个节点,从中发展企业数据向善的概念,划分负责任地使用数据和数据慈善两个维度,明确企业社会责任、资源基础观、负责任的研究与创新、公共物品等基础理论,进而开发和验证企业数据向善量表,最后提出企业数据向善未来研究的五大议题。文章回答了企业数据向善的基础性问题,又为未来研究执炬,不仅为学术界推进企业数据向善研究从“星星之火”到“燎原之势”带来启发,而且为实业界实施数据向善造福社会提供参考。

In recent years,frequent data security incidents such as big data killing and privacy leakage have prompted the industry and academia to begin to reflect on how enterprises can rationally use data and do good things through data usage.Enterprise data for good has become a new field with great research potential and research value,while related research is still in its infancy,mostly staying at the practical and application levels of technology.Thus,relative research is urgent and significant.First of all,this article reviews the two nodes of the formation of enterprise data for good.It finds that the first node is Google’s"do not be evil"business philosophy,and the second node is Tencent Research Institute’s"enterprise technology for social good"philosophy.Based on this,it is clear that enterprise data for good is the act of playing a positive role in data and curbing the negative role of data.The two dimensions of enterprise data for good include the responsible use of data,that is using data reasonably and not doing bad things,as well as data philanthropy,which is using data for good to benefit society.Then,this article clarifies the main basic theories of enterprise data for good containing corporate social responsibility,resource-based view,responsible research and innovation,and public goods.Secondly,this paper develops alternative items for the scales of responsible use of data and data philanthropy by blending relevant research and semi-structured interviews.Both exploratory factor analysis and nomological network methods demonstrate that the scales have good reliability and validity.Thus,the four-item scale for responsible use of data and the four-item scale for data philanthropy are obtained.Finally,it proposes five important topics worth studying for the future of enterprise data for good to guide and enlighten subsequent research.In terms of research content,future research can continue to explore the antecedents,results,and impact mechanisms of enterprise data for good,and form a comprehensive knowledge of the process of enterprise data for good.From the viewpoint of research objects,data for good behavior of multiple subjects such as government,research institutions,and social organizations also deserve attention.From the research level,we should pay attention to data for good at the ecosystem level,and focus on the mechanism of different subjects in practice to create value.From the perspective of research methods,integrating multiple methods to study data for good should be encouraged.From the perspective of the research context,it is worth discussing in depth the enterprise data for good in the Chinese context.This article answers the fundamental questions of enterprise data for good and provides a torch for future research.This is a meaningful attempt and breakthrough in the study of enterprise data for good,which enriches and expands the related research,helps to clarify the research boundary of enterprise data for good,and ignites the enthusiasm for domestic research.It not only inspires the academic community to promote enterprise data for good research from a"spark"to a"prairie fire",but also provides a reference for the practical community to implement data for good.