从应对新冠肺炎疫情看非盟公共卫生治理的成就与问题

Achievements and Problems of African Union in Public Health Governance from the Perspective of COVID-19 Pandemic Response

新冠肺炎疫情对非洲公共卫生治理体系构成巨大考验。非盟作为全非性国际组织,积极采取一系列应急策略,即推出《非洲大陆新冠肺炎疫情应对联合战略》且进行动态调整,指导与协调成员国抗击疫情;依托非洲疾控中心,形成大陆与区域卫生协同机制;推动成立非洲药品管理局,促进非洲获得高质、安全、有效的医疗产品,为非洲制药业发展创造有利环境;创建“非洲疫苗采购信托基金”等机制,深化与国际组织对非疫情防控机制的专项合作。总体看,在应对新冠肺炎疫情过程中,非盟在本土医药生产、区域卫生协同治理及法律监管应急能力提升等方面作出了显著贡献。与此同时,非盟也面临公共卫生治理效能有待提高、公共卫生系统运行能力不足、国际援助不力等挑战。如何有效防范和应对突发性公共卫生事件,同时平衡经济社会发展与疫情防控之间的关系,将是非盟迫切需要解决的问题。未来,非盟若要在公共卫生治理领域发挥更大作用,对内需推进机制改革,优化政策设计,增强卫生系统防御能力;对外则需优化国际卫生合作模式,从整体上探索更优、更适合非洲大陆的公共卫生治理体制机制。

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a huge challenge to Africa’s public health governance system.As an Africa-wide international organization,the African Union(AU)has actively adopted a series of emergency strategies,which include launching the Africa Joint Continental Strategy for COVID-19 Outbreak and dynamic adjustment to guide and coordinate member states in their response to the epidemic;relying on the African CDC to form a continental and regional health synergy mechanism;establishing the African Medicines Agency to promote access to high-quality,safe and effective medical products in Africa and create an enabling environment for African pharmaceutical sector;and setting up mechanisms such as the African Vaccine Acquisition Trust to deepen special cooperation with international organizations on African epidemic prevention and control.In general,the AU has made significant contributions to the COVID-19 response in terms of indigenous medicine production,regional health collaborative governance,and legal and regulatory emergency response capacity improvement.Meanwhile,the AU is still faced with challenges such as poor public health governance,insufficient operational capacity of the public health system and unfavorable international assistance.How to effectively prevent and respond to public health emergencies,while balancing the relationship between social-economic development and disease prevention and control,will be an urgent problem to be addressed by the AU.In the future,the AU can play a greater role in Africa’s public health governance.To this end,it should,internally,promote institutional reform,improve policy design and enhance the defense capacity of the health system;externally,it should optimize international health cooperation mode and explore better and more suitable public health governance institutions and mechanisms for Africa as a whole.