紧急时期我国社会民生物资价格执法活动的检视与改进

Inspection and Improvement of China’Price Law Enforcement Concerning Social and Livelihood Materials in Emergency

紧急时期我国社会民生物资价格执法活动以自然灾害、公共卫生、经济不景气事件为启动条件,其实施手段具有阶段式、应急式、运动式三重特征。紧急时期针对社会民生物资的价格执法活动存在如下问题:将一些经营者单纯涨价行为认定为哄抬价格,这不符合《价格法》第14条的立法目的;执法过程中片面追求“从重从快”,将一些经营者的正常涨价现象亦纳入处罚范围,扰乱了市场价格规律。未来应当进行如下改进:在价格违法行为的法律规定问题上,应当对一般价格违法行为与紧急时期的特别价格违法行为做出明确区分;在查处价格违法行为的定性问题上,应当对哄抬价格行为和不正当高价行为做出明确区分;在价格违法行为的执法标准问题上,应当制定特别时期价格违法行为的行政处罚特别规定,确保紧急时期价格执法的规范化与合理化。

The price law enforcement activity of China in an emergency is often triggered by natural disasters,public health issues,or an economic recession.It is usually a staged response,an emergency response,and a campaign-style response.It has the following problems:some business operator’s simple act of raising the price is deemed to be a collective price pushing behavior,which is against the legislative intent of Article 14 of the Price Law;and in the process of law enforcement,focusing on a heavier and faster handling of a case has disrupted the price law of the market especially when some operator’s normal price raising act is held for punishment.For future improvement,in terms of legal provisions,price violations in an emergency should be clearly defined from those in a non-emergency period;in terms of handling and determining a price violation case,an act of whooping up the price and an unfair act of raising the price should be clearly defined;and in terms of law enforcement standard,a special regulation for administrative punishment of price violation in emergency should be made to guarantee the standardization and rationalization of price law enforcement in an emergency.