底线心态研究述评与展望

A Literature Review of Bottom-line Mentality and Future Prospects

底线心态作为个体为了功利性目标而忽视其他目标的单一思维方式,其对员工的工作态度、行为和绩效产生显著影响,近年来愈加得到了学者和管理者的关注。但相关研究还处于起步阶段,缺乏研究梳理与系统性述评。为此,本文阐释了底线心态概念起源过程,比较了底线心态与短期取向、绩效证明目标导向等相似概念的相同点和差异,为清晰认识和理解底线心态的内涵奠定了基础。分析了现有底线心态的测量工具,指出了当前量表的适用范围和不足之处,为后续实证研究在测量工具的开发上提供了方向。基于理论视角对底线心态前因和结果的实证研究进行归纳,揭示了底线心态与其影响因素和结果变量之间的逻辑链条。最后,针对现有研究不足,从概念拓展、量表开发、形成机理、影响结果及边界条件进行了展望,并提炼出一个整合性理论框架。本文能为国内学者把握底线心态研究的当前脉络与发展趋势提供参考,同时有助于企业正确认识和有效干预管理者和员工底线心态。

Since the generation of enterprises,the problems of corporate integrity have emerged one after another.Prohibitions and punishments could not change the mentality of some corporate managers that ignore morality and law for profit.Scholars define this 1-dimensional thinking that revolves around securing bottom-line outcomes to the neglect of competing priorities as the bottom-line mentality.The concept of bottom-line mentality is of great value both in theory and in practice.In theory,the bottom-line mentality research has made important advances and expansions in the field of goal management.Compared with the previous focus on a single goal,the bottom-line mentality reveals that individuals have different preferences for different goals,which can better reflect the goal management style of individuals facing complex organizational problems in reality.Practically speaking,by carrying out the bottom-line mentality research,it can help managers realize the benefits and harms brought about by only focusing on profit goals and ignoring other matters(such as environmental protection,employee welfare,etc.),and reduce the company’s neglect of social responsibility,which could in turn improve the long-term competitiveness of the organization.As people’s attention to corporate social responsibility increases,companies that blindly adhere to a bottomline mentality will find it increasingly difficult to adapt to social development.Although the bottom-line mentality is essential for understanding the individual goal management style,related research is still in its infancy,and many issues remain to be resolved.In view of this,this paper makes an in-depth summary of bottom-line mentality on the basis of combing the existing literature,constructs an overall analysis framework,and prospects the future research direction.Through reviewing the literature,the study finds that:(1)The bottom-line mentality is an independent concept.There are obvious differences between it and similar concepts such as short-term orientation and performance-prove goal orientation.(2)The measurement method of bottom-line mentality is scalable,but still relatively single.(3)The environment,personal characteristics and personal resources are the three main factors that affect the generation of individuals’bottom-line mentality.(4)The bottom-line mentality has a double-edged sword effect on individuals’work attitudes,behaviors,and performance,and the negative effect is greater than its positive effect.This paper suggests that future research can extend the bottom-line mentality research from the following five aspects:(1)Deepen the conceptual connotation of bottom-line mentality.For example,researchers can distinguish BLM from other similar concepts by using empirical studies,and explore the consistency of bottom-line mentality before and after the goal is completed.(2)Enrich measurement methods and extend the bottom-line mentality measurement to non-management posts and nonmanagement fields.(3)Explore the generation mechanism of bottom-line mentality from the individual,team,organizational and social levels.(4)Expand the impact of bottom-line mentality to the team level and the organizational level.(5)Explore the boundary conditions that affect the follow-up effect of bottom-line mentality.Generally,this paper provides a reference for domestic scholars to grasp the current context and development trend of bottom-line mentality research and at the same time helps enterprises to correctly understand and effectively intervene in the bottom-line mentality of managers and employees.