供应链韧性:适应复杂性--基于复杂系统管理视角

Supply Chain Resilience:Adapting to Complexity-Based on the Perspective of Complex System Thinking

构建富有韧性的供应链已从企业层面关注的问题上升到行业、地区和国家层面战略,成为应对当前社会经济发展复杂局面和提升国家安全与竞争力水平的重要举措。本文在阐述了供应链是一个社会型多中心共享共治的复杂适应性系统基础上,指出供应链韧性是供应链系统行为与功能整体适应环境复杂性变动的一种能力标志;供应链韧性的复杂整体性属性特征需要通过复杂系统思维范式转移形成新的研究范式与方法论;供应链韧性理论的学术价值主要不是针对常规问题,而要看它应对供应链失稳、风险、应急、功能退化等韧性危机是否有效和效能如何;供应链韧性有着具体特定的真实世界;解释、分析和揭示供应链韧性复杂现象和客观规律需要充分关注供应链的独特性与话语语境,没有两个现实的供应链韧性机理是完全一样的;供应链韧性是当今供应链研究领域中的一个大问题、难问题,具有重要的学术前沿性、现实性与挑战性,应扎根在我国供应链管理的丰富实践土壤中,从基础性的学术体系、理论体系与话语体系夯实研究基础,而不宜过于被供应链韧性初始定义中的“断”与“不断”捆住手脚。

Building a resilient supply chain has risen from a concern at the enterprise level to a strategy at the industry,regional and national levels,and has become an important means to cope with the complex situation of current social and economic development.It is also an important means to improve the national security and competitiveness.On the basis of expounding that supply chain is a complex adaptive system of social multi center sharing and co-governance,it is pointed out that supply chain resilience is a sign of the ability of the behavior and function of the supply chain system to adapt to the complex changes of the environment as a whole.The complex integrity attribute of supply chain resilience requires us to form new research paradigms and methodologies through the paradigm shift of complex system thinking.The academic value of supply chain resilience theory is not mainly aimed at conventional problems,but depends on whether it is effective and efficient in dealing with supply chain instability,risk,emergency,functional degradation and other resilience crises.Supply chain resilience has a specific real world.To explain,analyze and reveal the complex phenomena and objective laws of supply chain resilience,it is pointed to pay full attention to the uniqueness and discourse context of the supply chain.No two realistic supply chain resilience mechanisms are identical.Supply chain resilience is a big and difficult problem in the field of supply chain research today,which has important academic frontiers,reality and challenges.It should be oriented and rooted in the rich practical soil of supply chain management in China,and consolidate the research foundation from the basic academic system,theoretical system and discourse system,rather than being too tied by the “disruption” and “no disruption” in the initial definition of supply chain resilience.