“从抽象到具体”是《资本论》的研究方法吗?

Is “From Abstract to Concrete” the Research Method of Das Kapital?

学界指认《资本论》的研究方法是“从抽象到具体”,其依据是马克思在《1957-1958年经济学手稿》中的那段著名论述。其实,马克思说17世纪经济学家“是错误的”,并不是指“从实在和具体开始”的研究方法是错误的,而是指“从实在和具体开始”的叙述方法是错误的;马克思说“后一种方法显然是科学上正确的方法”,指的是“从具体到抽象”的研究方法加上“从抽象到具体”的叙述方法,这“两条道路”共同构成的“后一种方法”才是“科学上正确的方法”。17世纪经济学家的方法是半截子的方法,他们只经历了“第一条道路”的“蒸发”,却不知道还应当经历“第二条道路”的“再现”。由此得出的结论是:第一,悬置了“从具体到抽象”的辩证法不是唯物辩证法;第二,“从抽象到具体”并不是唯物辩证法的全部内容;第三,《资本论》的研究方法是有着严格经验实证的科学方法;第四,《资本论》的实证与西方经济学的实证有着本质区别;第五,《资本论》的方法论与具体方法不能混为一谈;第六,唯物辩证法作为“方法”,是以“方法论”的角色出场的。第七,《资本论》的研究方法与叙述方法的区分是相对的。

The academic community has identified the research method of Das Kapital to be"from abstract to concrete" on the basis of Marx's famous statement in the Economic Manuscripts of 1957-1958.In fact,when Marx"were wrong",he did not mean that the research method of"starting from the real and concrete"was wrong,but that the narrative method of it was wrong.Marx said that"the latter method is obviously scientifically correct",which refers to the combination of the research method of"from abstract to concrete"and the narrative method of"from concrete to abstract".The"latter method"consisting of these"two paths"is"a scientifically correct method".The method advocated by economists in the 17th century is just a half-baked method,because these economists only experienced the"evaporation"of the"first path",but were not aware of the"reproduction"of the"second path"Seven conclusions can be obtained as follows.Firstly,a dialectic that suspends"from concrete to abstract"is not a materialistic dialectic.Secondly,"from abstract to concrete"is not the whole content of the materialistic dialectic.Thirdly,the research method of Das Kapital is a scientific method that has been strictly proven with empirical study.Fourthly,empirical study of Das Kapital is fundamentally different from that of Western economics.Fifthly,the methodology of Das Kapital cannot be confused with concrete methods.Sixthly,a materialistic dialectic,as a"method",acts as a"methodology".Seventhly,the distinction between the research method and the narrative method of Das Kapital is relative.