数据善用与数据安全共治机制研究

Research on the Co-Governance Mechanism of Data Utilization and Data Security

数据要素的价值化为数字经济的发展带来巨大价值的同时也伴随风险。数据使用存在隐蔽性,开发和使用数据过程中的具体行为并不容易在短期被明确识别,这滋生了数字经济企业滥用数据以寻求更高收益的动机,此时更大规模的数据使用反而损害了数据安全甚至降低社会福利。通过在不完全信息的数据环境中构建监管者对数字经济企业使用数据的范围和规模的规制机制,寻找数据价值化和数据安全的平衡点以及相应的均衡条件。监管者在信息不对称环境下的激励相容机制通过调整数字经济企业使用数据的规模弱化和消除后者滥用数据的道德风险动机,激发数据善用,实现数据安全;但防范数据滥用的机制的实施将同时降低企业使用数据的规模,不利于数据要素的价值溢出。因此,为统筹数据安全与数据价值的共存、推动数据善用与数据安全的共治机制有效运行,监管者应通过调整滥用行为识别力度来改善信息结构,以及通过调整滥用行为的处罚力度来实现监管前置,帮助数据治理走出“一管就死,一放就乱”的困境。

The value of data element can bring about both great value and risks to the development of digital economy.The use of data has some invisibility,and the specific behavior in the process of developing and using data is not easy to be clearly identified in the short term,which gives rise to the motivation of digital economy enterprises to abuse data in order to seek higher returns.At this time,the use of data in more large-scale will damage data security and even reduce social welfare.By building the regulatory mechanism of regulators on the scope and scale of data used by digital economy enterprises in the data environment with incomplete information,this paper tries to find the balance point and corresponding equilibrium conditions of data value and data security.The incentive compatibility mechanism of regulators in the asymmetric information environment can stimulate the proper use of data and achieve data security by adjusting the weakening scale of data used by digital economy enterprises and eliminating the moral hazard motivation of the latter to abuse data.However,the implementation of the mechanism to prevent data abuse will reduce the scale of data used by enterprises at the same time,which is not conducive to the value spillover of data elements.Therefore,in order to coordinate the coexistence of data security and data value,and promote the effective operation of the co-governance mechanism of data use and data security,regulators should improve the information structure by adjusting the identification of abuse,and achieve the regulatory preposition by adjusting the punishment of abuse,so as to help data governance out of the dilemma of “once you manage,you will die;once you let go,you will be in disorder”.