细胞焦亡在视网膜疾病发病机制中的研究进展

Research progress of pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of retinal diseases

细胞焦亡是一种炎性形式的程序性细胞死亡,包括经典焦亡途径和非经典焦亡途径。关于细胞焦亡的研究在多种视网膜疾病中均有报道,但目前更集中于糖尿病视网膜病变、老年性黄斑变性等常见疾病。许多视网膜疾病因其病因和发病机制的复杂性而增加了治疗的难度,细胞焦亡的发现为这些疾病的发病机制带来了新的内容,也为治疗这些疾病指引了新的方向。细胞焦亡并不是独立发生的,它与凋亡、自噬等存在关联,但具体机制尚不明确;尽管如此,焦亡过程中最主要的生物分子现已基本确定,且已有方法可以对细胞焦亡进行干预,并取得了初步的成效。这提示抑制细胞焦亡可能是视网膜疾病治疗的一个新方向,具有广阔的研究前景。

Pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of programmed cell death,including canonical and non-canonical pyroptosis pathway.Studies on pyroptosis have been reported in a variety of retinal diseases,but they are more focused on common diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration.Many retinal diseases are difficult to treat because of the complexity of their etiology and pathogenesis.The discovery of pyroptosis has brought new content to the pathogenesis of these diseases,and also pointed a new direction for the treatment.Pyroptosis does not occur independently,and it is related to apoptosis and autophagy,but the specific mechanism is not clear.However,the most important biomolecule in the process of pyroptosis have been basically determined,and some methods can be used to interfere with pyroptosis,which has obtained preliminary achievement,suggesting that inhibition of pyroptosis may be a new direction for the treatment of retinal diseases and has broad research prospects.