我国征用“法秩序结构”的框架构设

Framework of Expropriating "Legal Order Structure" in China

征用的法秩序结构建立在《宪法》确立的财产法秩序之上。以征用财产的性质为标准,我国宪法和法律中初步形成了一个针对私有财产、集体财产与国有财产的三元征用结构。征用权的行使必须履行必要的内在义务,包括以保护公共利益或高位阶公共利益为目的,遵守法定程序与正当程序原则,遵循比例原则,合理使用、处置征用财产及关联财产,以及及时返还与补偿等。为防止征用权行使越界,性质上不可征用的财产、最低人权保障、基本权利保障、法律秩序的维护等构成征用权行使过程中无法跨越或不可侵越的四重外在边界。征用的内在义务与外在边界构成所有征用形态共同的、类型化的义务和边界。我国应基于三元征用结构,针对不同类型的义务和边界,制定专门的《征用法》,以此实现征用法的体系化以及《宪法》和《立法法》中的法律保留要求。

The legal order structure of expropriation is based on the property law order of a country. Based on the nature of the expropriated property, a three-dimensional expropriation structure for private property, collective property and state-owned property has been initially formed in our constitution and laws. The exercise of power to expropriation must fulfill the necessary inherent obligations, these types of obligations must be aimed at protecting the public interest(private property) or higher public interest(public property), comply with the principles of legal process and due process, follow the principle of proportionality, fair use, disposal of expropriated property and related property, and timely return and compensation. In order to prevent the exercise of power to expropriation to cross the boundary, the property that cannot be requisitioned in nature, the protection of minimum human rights, the protection of basic rights, the maintenance of extraordinary legal order and normal legal order constitute the four externalities that cannot be crossed or inviolable during the exercise of eminent domain. The internal obligation and external boundary of expropriation constitute the common type of obligation and boundary of all forms of requisition. Based on the ternary expropriation structure, our country should formulate specialized and structured Expropriation Law for different types of obligations and boundaries. In this way, the systematization of expropriation law and the legal reservation requirements in the Constitution and the Legislative Law can be realized.