作为特殊代理行为的代表行为:效果归属与规范适用

Representative Actsas Special Agency Acts:Effect Attribution and Normative Application

“代表说”与“代理说”之争与法人本质论并无必然关联。两种学说虽然解释路径各不相同,但其在制定法解释上的区分仅存于越权代表行为之一隅。法定代表人的概括代理权限及其权利外观构成了推定相对人善意信赖前者就越权事务仍有代理权的制度基础,其在立法上直接反映为法人原则上应承受越权代表行为效果,即越权代表规则独立于无权代理规则而存在。代理权限及其外观是区分包括代表行为在内的各类代理行为效果拟制模式的根本原因,代表行为本质上是代理人为法定代表人做出的一类代理行为。当代理权限及其外观系影响代理行为效果归属评价的重要事实时,包括代表行为在内的各类代理行为应适用各自的效果归属规范;反之,相关规则便是代理的共同规则,其适用原则上无须作代表与代理的区分。

Different from the theory of the essence of legal person,the theory of representative and agency can be tested and selected in the statutory law.Although the interpretation paths of the two theories are different,the distinction in the interpretation of statutory law only exists in the corner of the behavior of ultra vires representatives.The reason why the rule of ultra vires representatives is independent of the rule of unauthorized agency is that the general agency power and appearance of the rights of the legal representative constitute the basis for the presumption that the counterparty trusts the former in good faith and the agent still has the authority of agency in matters of the former.The authority of agency and its appearance are the fundamental reasons for distinguishing fictional models of all kinds of agency behaviors which including representative behavior.Representative behavior is a special type of agency behavior in which the agent is the legal representative.When the authority of agency and its appearance constitute important legal facts of relevant agency rules,all kinds of agency behaviors including representative behaviors,shall be subject to respective effect direction norms which is specifically made for each of them;on the contrary,relevant rules are the common rules of agency behavior,and can be directly applied to representative behaviors.