新金融监管体制下央地监管权关系再审思

Rethinking Relationship Between Central and Local Regulatory Authorities Under New Financial Regulatory System

地方金融监管是国家金融监管体系重要组成部分,央地分权下地方金融监管,与财政事权功能不契合,将金融发展权与监管权置于同一权力结构中,加剧金融资源区域配置扭曲,引发监管竞次、监管套利及监管俘获,不断出现地方金融风险。2017年以后以金稳委成立为标志的新金融监管体制强化了金融监管的中央事权属性和地方属地责任,为加强地方金融风险治理提供新思路。以属地责任为归属,制定全国统一地方金融监管法,加强跨区域的协作机制建设,以金融治理理念推进功能性适应性监管,以监管机构独立性建设实现发展权与监管权实质分离,引进公平竞争审查机制。实现央地金融监管的互恰与协同。

Local financial supervision is a significant part of the national financial supervision system. The local financial supervision under the central-local decentralization framework does not coincide with the function of fiscal authority. The financial development right and supervision power were placed in a same authority structure, aggravating disorders in the regional allocation of financial resources, triggering supervision competitions, causing supervision arbitrage and capture, which raised financial risks constantly. In 2017, the State Council established the Financial Stability and Development Committee which is a symbol of the new financial supervision system. This new financial supervision system strengthens the central authority and local territorial responsibilities regarding financial supervision and provides new ideas for enhancing local financial risks governance. It is reasonable to formulate a unified nationwide local financial supervision law with territorial responsibility as the attribution, stimulate the construction of cross-regional coordination mechanisms and promote functional adaptive supervision based on financial governance. It is aimed to substantively separate the development right from supervision power through improving the independence of supervision institutions, introduce a fair competition review mechanism, and finally realize the mutual consistency and coordination between central and local financial supervision.