多通道移动式果园灌溉施肥机设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Mobile Multi-channel Orchard Fertigation Machine

针对目前果园种植管理过程中灌溉量与施肥浓度控制精度较低、不能动态调整施肥配方等问题,开发了一种多通道移动式果园灌溉施肥机。样机主要由灌溉混肥装置、吸肥装置、水肥参数检测装置、控制系统、牵引式行走装置和动力系统等6部分组成。对吸肥装置关键部件设计正交试验,分析了吸肥器布置方式、吸肥管道管径、过滤器类型、管道排列方式和过滤器目数等不同因素对吸肥性能的影响,确定了最优的吸肥装置结构。开发了精确灌溉施肥自动控制系统,并进行了样机性能测试,结果表明:施肥机可自动完成果园精准灌溉与施肥作业,动态调整施肥配方,灌溉量控制相对误差≤0.54%,EC值控制绝对误差≤0.07mS/cm,母液配比相对误差≤2.00%。

In view of the low accuracy of irrigation volume and fertilizer concentration,and the inability to dynamically adjust the fertilization formula during the process of orchard planting management,a mobile multi-channel orchard fertigation machine was developed.There were mainly six parts of the prototype:mixing device for fertilizer,fertilizer absorption device,fertilizer parameter detection device,control system,traction walking device and power system.Through orthogonal experiments on the key components of the fertilizer absorption device,the influences of different factors on the fertilizer absorption performance was analyzed,such as the layout of the fertilizer absorption device,the diameter of the fertilizer pipe,the type of filter,arrangement of the fertilizer pipe,the number of filter meshes,and the optimal structure of fertilizer absorption device was also determined.An automatic control system for precise fertigation was developed and a prototype performance test was conducted.The results showed that the fertigation machine can automatically complete the precise irrigation and fertilization of the orchard,and dynamically adjust the fertilization formula,the relative error of the irrigation volume control was not more than 0.54%,the absolute error of the EC value control was not more than 0.07 mS/cm,and the relative error of the multi-channel mother liquor ratio was not more than 2.00%.