滚筒筛式花生荚果复收机的设计与试验研究

Design and Experimental Study of Drum Screen Type Peanut Pod Restorer

针对花生收获漏果、掉果严重且缺少有效的花生复收机问题,为进一步减小花生收获损失率、提高收获效益,设计了一种牵引式花生复收机。复收机主要由挖掘装置、滚筒式分离输送装置、集果箱、机架及限深装置等组成,能够一次性完成花生荚果的挖掘、输送、除杂去土及收集等作业过程。其中,挖掘铲采用封闭铲面及栅杆结构,有效降低了挖掘阻力,提升了挖掘效果;采用滚筒式分离输送装置,实现了花生荚果的有效抬升及碎土清土,有效降低了花生荚果的含土率及破损率。田间试验结果表明:机具收获效果好,工作性能稳定,收获含土率低于4%,破损率低于2.5%,漏果率低于0.25%,生产效率达到0.21~0.37 hm^(2)/h,可为进一步开发设计高效的花生复收收获机械提供参考。

In view of the peanut harvest leakage,serious fruit loss and lack of effective peanut restorer problems.In order to additional reduce the loss rate of peanut harvest and improve the harvest efficiency.A traction type peanut restorer is designed to solve the problem of missing and dropping of peanut in this paper.The machine is mainly composed of digging device,roller type separating conveying device,fruit collecting box,frame,depth limiting device,etc.It can complete the excavation,transportation,soil removal and collection of peanut pods at one time.The digging shovel adopts the structure of closed shovel surface and grid rod.It reduces the excavation resistance and improves the excavation effect effectively.The effective lifting of peanut pods and soil breaking and cleaning were realized by using the roller type separation conveying device.The soil content and breakage rate of peanut pod were reduced effectively.The result of field experiment shows that the machine has good harvest effect and stable working performance.The soil content of harvest,the damage rate and the fruit leakage rate are all less than 4%,2.5%and 0.25%.The production efficiency is 0.21~0.37 hm^(2)/h.It can provide a theoretical basis for the further development and design of efficient peanut harvesting machinery.