蔬菜嫁接苗规模化生产调查与机械化作业情况分析

An Investigation of Large-scale Production of Grafted Vegetable Seedlings and Analysis of Mechanized Operation

由于现代种植业集约化、复种指数高和种类单一的发展状况,植物的连作障碍现象愈加突出,而蔬菜育苗嫁接技术是有效解决连作障碍与土传病害的重要措施。随着近年来我国设施蔬菜的迅速发展,人工进行蔬菜嫁接苗生产已越来越难以满足生产的需要。现有嫁接机相比于人工作业可提升嫁接速度,但性价比仍然较低,推广普及困难。目前,国内嫁接作业仍主要依靠人工,效率低、成本高。在此背景下,为了解嫁接苗生产中的生产成本、嫁接方法、嫁接生产率、机械化作业情况等,采用现场生产情况考察的方法,调查了我国3家国内嫁接苗生产企业的生产状况,通过调查分析为嫁接装备的开发、优化升级提供依据与建议。

Due to the development trend of modern planting industry intensification,high multiple cropping index and single species,the continuous cropping obstacles of plants have become more prominent.Vegetable seedling grafting technology is an important measure to effectively solve continuous cropping obstacles and soil-borne diseases.With the rapid development of facility vegetables in my country in recent years,it has become increasingly difficult to meet the needs of production by artificially producing vegetable grafted seedlings.The existing grafting machine can increase the grafting speed compared with manual operation,but the cost performance ratio is still low,and it is difficult to popularize.At present,the domestic grafting operation still mainly relies on manual labor,which is low in efficiency and high in cost.In this context,in order to understand the production costs,grafting methods,grafting productivity,and mechanized operations in the production of grafted seedlings,the team used the method of on-site production surveys to investigate the grafting production status of three domestic grafted seedling manufacturers in my country.Through investigation and analysis,it provides suggestions for developing and upgrading grafting equipment.