丘陵山区玉米果穗剥皮装置设计与试验

Design and Test of Corn Ear Peeling Device in Hilly Area

针对现有丘陵山区小型玉米收获机在复杂田间环境收获果穗时,存在适应性差、剥皮装置籽粒损伤率高、剥净率低等问题,设计了具有双液压姿态调整的剥皮装置,其剥皮辊采用鱼鳞+双螺旋式橡胶辊组合,在提高剥净率的同时,减小了籽粒损失率。对玉米果穗剥皮装置进行了性能分析和参数优化,以便达到降低籽粒损失率、提高果穗剥净率的目的。采用二次回归正交组合试验方案,以剥皮辊转速、作业行驶速度、剥皮装置与水平面倾角以及压送装置转速为试验因素,以籽粒损失率和果穗剥净率为试验指标进行试验,建立参数优化数学模型。利用Design-Expert中Optimization模块进行优化,结果表明:当剥皮辊转速为853.081r/min、行驶速度为0.799955m/s、倾角为16°、压送装置为500r/min时,籽粒损失率为0.204945%,剥净率为98.1179%。为方便样机的加工与制作,对优化参数进行圆整处理,即剥皮辊转速为850r/min,行驶速度为0.8m/s,倾角为16°,压送装置为500r/min,并进行样机试验,结果表明:优化参数满足山地丘陵地区玉米果穗收获相关技术要求。

In view of the problems of poor adaptability,high grain damage rate and low stripping rate of the existing small corn harvester in hilly area in complex field environment,a stripping device with hydraulic attitude adjustment was designed.In this paper,the performance analysis and parameter optimization of corn ear peeling device were carried out,in order to reduce the grain loss rate and improve the ear peeling rate.The experiment was carried out with the speed of peeling roller,running speed,inclination angle of peeling device and horizontal plane and the speed of pressure device as the test factors,and the grain loss rate and the net peel rate of fruit spike as the test indexes,and the mathematical model of parameter optimization was established.Using the optimization module of design expert,the results show that the speed of peeling roller is 853.081r/min,the driving speed is 0.799955m/s,and the inclination angle is 16°,the pressure feeding device is 500r/min,the grain loss rate is 0.204945%,and the stripping rate is 98.1179%.The results show that the optimized parameters can meet the technical requirements of corn ear harvest in mountainous and hilly areas.