茄子穴盘苗形态及力学特性试验研究

Experimental Study on Morphology and Mechanical Properties of`Eggplant Plug Seedlings

为了给茄子穴盘苗移栽机自动取苗机构的设计及试验研究提供理论支持,对茄子穴盘苗形态及力学特性进行研究。为快速、准确地测定茄子穴盘苗的形态特性,采用机器视觉系统对适移栽茄子穴盘苗的苗高、茎秆直径、苗冠直径、叶片长度及叶片位置参数进行测定,得出茄子穴盘苗的苗高范围为134.33~150.20mm,茎秆直径范围为1.83~3.06mm,自然状态下苗冠直径范围为128.57~155.77mm。采用MatLab2018b对试验数据进行分析,得知茎秆直径与苗高正相关;自动取苗机构取苗后,在不改变运动方向的情况下,运动距穴盘至少160mm后,才能进行翻转动作;取苗机构开合距离取10mm;为防止穴盘苗移栽过程中叶片损伤及挂苗现象的发生,需设计防叶片张开机构。力学特性测定试验表明:茄子穴盘苗基质含水率范围为30%~40%,机械手取苗力为3.0 N,基质损失率为7%,移栽效果较优。

In order to provide theoretical support for the design and experimental study of the automatic seedling picking mechanism of the transplanter,the morphology and mechanical properties of the seedling in the eggplant hole were studied.In order to quickly and accurately measure the morphological characteristics of eggplant plug seedlings,the seedling height,stem diameter,crown diameter,leaf length and leaf position parameters suitable for transplanting eggplant plug seedlings were measured by machine vision system.The results showed that the height of eggplant plug seedlings ranged from 134.33 mm to 150.20 mm,the stem diameter ranged from 1.83 mm to 3.06 mm,and the crown diameter ranged from 128.57 mm to 155.77 mm under natural conditions.Matlab2018b was used to analyze the experimental data to obtain the positive correlation between stem diameter and seedling height.After the automatic seedling pick-up mechanism picks up seedlings,it can carry out the turnover action after the movement direction is not changed and the distance from the plug is at least 160 mm.The opening and closing distance of seedling picking mechanism is 10mm.In order to prevent the occurrence of leaf damage and seedling hanging during transplanting of plug seedlings,it is necessary to design leaf closing and opening mechanism.According to the specific test of mechanics,it was found that the range of moisture content of eggplant seedling substrate was 30%~40%,the seedling taking power of manipulator was 3.0 N,the substrate loss rate was 7%,and the transplanting effect was better.