三垄六行花生有序铺放收获机的设计与试验

Design and Experimental off Orderly Laying Peanut Harvester With Three Ridges and Six Rows

花生是我国主要的经济作物,两段式收获模式因更能保证花生产品质量已成为主流的花生收获方式。为此,针对现有花生挖掘铺放机挖掘阻力大、壅土堵塞、果土分离不清、机具幅宽小导致收获效果差及作业效率低等问题,研制了一种三垄六行花生有序铺放收获机,主要由扶禾装置、挖掘装置、夹持输送装置、有序铺放装置、动力系统和机架组成,可实现对花生的高效挖掘、输送、去土和有序铺放,大幅提高作业效率,达到0.9 hm 2/h以上。通过田间试验研究前进速度、夹持输送链条转速和花生植株夹持位置对花生收获损失率、破碎率、埋果率的影响,结果表明:在1.0m/s的前进速度、260r/min的夹持输送链条转速下,夹持位置为根部以上60mm时,收获质量最佳。

Peanut is main economic crop of China.The two-stage harvesting mode has become the main peanut harvesting method because it can ensure the quality of peanut products.Aiming at the problems of high digging resistance,clogged soil,unclear separation of fruit and soil,and small width of the machine tool,which result in poor harvesting effect and low operating efficiency,this paper developed a three-ridge,six-row peanut orderlylaying harvester.The harvester is mainly composed of supporting device,digging device,clamping conveyor chain,orderly laying device,power system and frame,which can realize the efficient digging,conveying,soil removal and orderly laying of peanuts.Through field experiments,it is found that the machine can greatly improve the operating efficiency,reaching more than 0.9hm 2/h.The effects of the forward speed,the speed of the clamping conveyor chain and the clamping position of the peanut plant on the peanut harvest of loss rate,crushing rate and fruit burying rate are studied.It is obtained that at forward speed of 1.0m/s,gripping conveyor chain speed of 260r/min,and gripping position of 60mm above the root,the harvest quality is the best.