60岁及以上老年人膳食营养素与代谢综合征相关性研究

Study on the Relationship Between Dietary Nutrients and Metabolic Syndrome in the Elderly Aged 60 Years and Above

目的:分析60岁及以上老年人膳食营养素摄入结构与代谢综合征(MetS)之间的关系,为老年代谢综合征的防控工作提供膳食营养方面的参考。方法:数据来源于某省2015年慢性病与营养状况监测项目,选取60岁及以上老年人共1050名作为研究对象,进行问卷调查。采用连续72 h(3 d)回顾法结合家庭食用油和调味品称重法进行膳食调查,并进行体格检查和血液生化指标检测。通过主成分因子分析方法(PCA)探讨60岁及以上老年人膳食营养素模式,并应用非条件logistic回归模型分析不同膳食营养素模式对MetS及其组分的影响。结果:本次主成分因子分析得到4种膳食营养素模式:能量矿物质、高脂高钠灰、营养均衡及低纤维低维生素膳食营养素模式;老年人膳食纤维、维生素A、B_(1)、B_(2)、钙的摄入量较低,钠、铁摄入量偏高,尤其是钠的摄入量高于推荐量的3倍多;高脂高盐高灰模式增加低HDL-C血症的危险性(OR=1.274,95%CI:0.292~5.565);低纤维低维生素膳食营养素模式增加高TG血型的危险性(OR=3.187,95%CI:1.016~5.002)。结论:不同膳食营养素模式对MetS及其组分有不同的影响。结合《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量》及老年人生理特点,建议减少钠盐的摄入,保证钙、钾、膳食纤维和维生素等的摄入,可适当添加营养补充剂补充营养素,以预防控制老年人MetS及其组分的发生发展。

Objective:To analyze the relationship between dietary nutrients and metabolic syndrome in the elderly aged 60 years and above.To provide dietary nutrition reference for the prevention and control of metabolic syndrome in the elderly.Method:The data comes from the chronic disease and nutritional status monitoring project of a province in 2015.A total of 1050 elderly people aged 60 and above were selected as the research objects.Questionnaire surveys were carried out,and the sampling was carried out by continuous 72 h(3 d)retrospective method combined with household edible oil and condiment weighing method for dietary investigation,and standard sampling methods were used for physical examination and blood biochemical index detection.Exploring dietary nutrient patterns of the elderly aged 60 years and above by principal component analysis(PCA).PCA was used to identify dietary nutrients intake among adult and use unconditional logistic regression model to analysis the effects of different dietary nutrients intake on MetS.Result:Four evident dietary nutrients intake pattern were derived by PCA including“energy minerals”“high-fat and high-sodium ash”“nutritionally balanced”and“low-fiber and low-vitamin”dietary nutrient patterns.Adults have lower intakes of dietary fiber,vitamins A,B,Band calcium,high sodium and iron intake.After adjusting for confounding factors,the high-fat,high-salt and high-ash pattern increases the risk of low HDL-C(OR=1.274,95%CI:0.292~5.565);Low-fiber and low-vitamin dietary nutrient pattern increases the risk of high TG blood group(OR=3.187,95%CI:1.016~5.002).Conclusion:Combined with the“Reference Intakes of Dietary Nutrients for Chinese Residents”of the elderly and the physiological characteristics of the elderly,it is recommended to reduce the intake of sodium salt and ensure the intake of calcium,potassium,dietary fiber,vitamin,etc.,and appropriate nutritional supplements can be added,to prevent and control the occurrence and development of MetS and its components in the elderly.