涉及态度报道的替换规则——情境语义学变革性之实证探析

Principle of Substitutivity Involving Attitude Report:An Empirical Study of the Revolutionary of Situation Semantics

确立逻辑规则是进行逻辑推理的前提,遵守逻辑规则是逻辑推理有效性的保证。倘若完全遵循了逻辑规则的推理是无效的,则问题应在于逻辑规则本身。逻辑哲学对此问题的解决有二:一是直接限制逻辑规则适用的范围,比如使其只适用于形式推理;二是给出逻辑规则有效性的依据,并澄清逻辑规则适用的范围。后者明显是对前者的推进,但这涉及到逻辑规则的基础,即语义学问题,需要对语义学进行变革才会使这样的推进取得成效。情境语义学立足于语义质朴性原则,将自然语言中的心智要素纳入到语义学考察范围,深度分析了涉及态度报道的逻辑规则,充分澄清了逻辑规则的现实依据及其有效性。据此,我们能够很好地理解情境语义学在语义学上所引发的重大变革。

The establishment of logical principle is the premise of logical reasoning. For a logical reasoning,it is the guarantee of its effectiveness to follow the logical principles. However,it is not valid to follow the reasoning of the logical principles,then the problem lies in the logical principles itself. The reflection of logic philosophy on this problem has two directions: the first is limit directly adaptation of logical principles,for example,some logical principles only apply to formal reasoning;the second is to give the valid basis to logical principles,and to clarify the scope of application of logical principles. Obviously,the latter is a push to the former,but it is related to the basis of the logical principles,that is,the problem of semantics. If the advancement is to be effective,it will require a change in semantics. Based on the principle of innocence of the semantic,situation semantics takes the mental elements of natural language into the semantic investigation,and deeply analyzes the logical principles related to attitude report. Situation semantics has finally fully clarified the basis and validity of logical principle. On this basis,we can well understand the significant changes in semantics caused by situation semantics.