中小学劳动教育的现状与提升——基于大规模调查数据的分析

The Present Labor Education at Primary and Secondary Schools and Its Improvement——An Analysis Based on Large-Scale Survey Data

劳动教育作为德智体美劳全面培养教育体系的重要组成部分,对于落实立德树人根本任务,培养社会主义建设者和接班人具有重要的战略意义。通过在全国东中西部分别选取有代表性的省份开展问卷调查,研究发现中小学劳动教育的成效已经凸显,劳动教育活动基本实现全覆盖,劳动教育课程独立地位逐步显现,家校社三方协同劳动育人机制初步形成。同时,也面临着区域发展不均衡、学段间差异大等问题。其中,劳动实践场所、劳动指导用书、劳动专任教师、劳动教育评价等是影响中小学劳动教育组织实施的主要因素。促进中小学劳动教育开展,提升劳动教育质量,各级部门应完善劳动教育政策执行机制,促进劳动教育资源均衡,加强劳动教育师资队伍建设,创设劳动课程实施的条件和环境,构建多元化劳动教育评价机制。

Labor education,an important part of the education system for students’ all-round development in morals,intelligence,sound constitution,aesthetics,and job skills,is of strategic significance for the practice of the fundamental task of molding high morals and cultivating talents based on people orientation,and the cultivation of socialist builders and successors. This study,based on a questionnaire survey of typical provinces selected in China’s eastern,western and central areas,finds the following:Effective labor education in primary and secondary schools,labor education activities conducted in almost all educational stages,gradually independent labor education courses,and the preliminarily established mechanism for collaborative labor education by families,schools and the community. However,labor education faces imbalanced regional development and a great difference between educational stages;in particular,the sites for labor practice,guidebooks for labor education,full-time labor education teachers,and labor education evaluation have become major factors affecting the practice of labor education in primary and secondary schools. To promote the practice of labor education and improve its quality,relevant sectors at all levels need to improve the mechanism for the implementation of the labor education policy,promote the balance of labor education resources,build a more powerful teaching force,create conditions and the environment for the implementation of labor education curriculum,and establish a diversified mechanism for labor education evaluation.