工具视角下的图书情报学科发展及动向分析——以Python为例

Development and Tendency of Library and Information Science from the Perspective of Tools——Taking Python as an Example

[目的/意义]研究工具在科研活动中必不可缺,挖掘研究工具的应用特征能从工具视角管窥学科变革、现状及发展态势,对于促进学科发展至关重要。[方法/过程]本文对图书情报学科中引入与使用的Python软件包展开研究,按照功能将该学科应用的百余种Python软件包分成11个类别,通过运用知识扩散理论、网络分析方法等从应用扩散、应用网络、应用领域3个方面进行分析。[结果/结论]文章明确了Python应用扩散的进程、阶段与动因;揭示了期刊层面扩散的显著差异;分析了Python软件包及软件包类别的组合应用网络;预测了有发展潜力的Python软件包及类型;证明了对研究工具的分析可以比较客观地判定学科发展历程与动向,包括研究范式转型,研究方法与技术的更迭,研究热点的变迁和趋向,研究领域新生及新研究问题的出现等,并可通过分析演变动因,评估学科发展动态、明晰学科前沿、预测未来发展方向。

[Purpose/Significance]Research tools are indispensable in scientific research activities.From the perspective of tools,mining the characteristics of the application of research tools can observe the changes,status quo and trends of the discipline,which is very important to promote the development of discipline.[Method/Process]This article focused on Python and its software package of library and information science.More than a hundred Python software packages used in the library and information science were divided into 11 categories according to their functions.By using knowledge diffusion theory,network analysis and other analytical methods,this article analyzed the application of Python from three aspects:application profile,application network and application field.[Result/Conclusion]First,the process,stage and motivation of application diffusion are clarified.Second,significant differences in diffusion are revealed at the journal level.Subsequently,the package combination network and package category network are analyzed.Then,the python packages and types with development potential are predicted.Finally,it is proved that the analysis of research tools can objectively judge the development process and trend of the discipline,including the transformation of research paradigm,the change of research methods and technologies,the change of research hotspots,the emergence of new research fields and new research problems,etc.By analyzing the evolution motivation,we can evaluate the development trend of the discipline,clarify the frontier of the discipline and predict the future development direction.