民法典时代国有自然资源使用权的体系设计与规则完善

The Legislative Design of the Right to Use of State Owned Natural Resources in the Era of Civil Code

自然资源作为特殊的“物”,与民法存在着天然的密切的关联性。当前,应在《民法典》确定的自然资源权利制度框架下,处理好民法典与自然资源单行法的分工与衔接,进一步整合各个自然资源单行法的零散规定,科学设计自然资源使用权的体系。就具体规则的立法完善而言,应当规范表达自然资源开发利用权利术语,并完善自然资源使用权的权利义务规则、权利存续期限规则和权利继承规则。

Natural resources,as a special“object”,is closely related to civil law.In order to improve the system of the right to use state-owned natural resources,all should be done in the framework of the right system of natural resources determined by the Civil Code.The division and connection between the civil code and the separate law of natural resources should be handled well,and the scattered provisions of each separate law of natural resources should be further integrated.The title,nature,type and other issues of the right of exploitation and utilization of natural resources should be clearly responded to,and the rights and obligations boundaries of each subject should be clearly defined.In terms of specific rules design,the expression of terms of the rights of natural resources development and utilization should be standardized,the system of the right to use natural resources should be scientifically designed,and efforts should be made to improve the boundary rules of rights and obligations,duration rules and inheritance rules of the right to use natural resources.