大关县竹叶花椒花芽分化对海拔和采收方式的响应

Response of Flower Bud Differentiation of Zanthoxylum armatum DC.in Daguan County to Altitude and Harvest Methods

为探究竹叶花椒在不同海拔(600、800、1000 m)和相同海拔不同采收修剪方式下花芽形态分化与结构特征,以云南省大关县花椒产区栽培的竹叶花椒为试验材料,采用石蜡切片法,观察其花芽分化时间和规律。结果显示:(1)竹叶花椒花芽形态分化分为未分化期、花序轴分化期、花蕾分化期、花被分化期及雌蕊分化期5个时期。(2)海拔600 m处竹叶花椒花芽分化11月上旬进入花蕾分化期,12月下旬进入花被分化期,翌年2月中旬进入雌蕊分化期;海拔800 m和1000 m处的竹叶花椒花芽分化进程明显晚于海拔600 m处,11月中旬海拔800 m处从花序轴分化期开始进入到花蕾分化期,而在海拔1000 m处的竹叶花椒还处在花序轴分化期。(3)在海拔600 m处对竹叶花椒适度采枝修剪后,11月10日其花芽分化已进入到花蕾分化期,而全下桩采收修剪后花芽还处在叶芽期;至1月20日适度采枝修剪的枝条其花芽进入到雌蕊分化期,已基本完成花芽形态分化,全下桩采收修剪后的花芽还处在花被分化期。采用适度采枝修剪方式的竹叶花椒花芽分化时间明显早于全下桩采收方式。

To investigate the morphological differentiation and structural characteristics of flower buds of Zanthoxylum armatum under different harvesting and pruning methods at different altitudes(600 m,800 m,1000 m)and the same altitude in Yunnan mountainous areas,Z.armatum cultivated in the pepper production area of daguan county was used as the test material and paraffin section as the method.The results showed that:(1)Flower bud morphological differentiation of Z.armatum in Daguan County could be divided into five periods:undifferentiated period,inflorescence axis differentiation period,flower bud differentiation period,perianth differentiation period and pistil differentiation period.(2)The flower bud differentiation of Z.armatum leaves at 600 m above sea level entered the bud differentiation period in early November,and it entered the perianth differentiation period in late December and the pistil differentiation period in mid-February of the following year;the flower bud differentiation process of Z.armatum at 800 m and 1000 m above sea level was obviously later than that at 600 m above sea level,in mid-November,at an altitude of 800 m,it started from the inflorescence axis differentiation period to the bud differentiation period,but Z.armatum at 1000 m above sea level was still in the inflorescence axis differentiation period.(3)Moderate harvesting and pruning at an altitude of 600 m November 10 bud differentiation had entered the bud differentiation period,and the whole lower pile harvest pruning is still in the leaf bud period;by January 20,moderate harvesting and pruning into the pistillate differentiation period,has basically completed the morphological differentiation of flower buds,harvesting and pruning of all lower stakes were still in the calyx differentiation period.The flower bud differentiation time of Z.armatum with moderate pruning is obviously earlier than that with full-pile harvesting.