宣威宝山镇煤矿矿区植物多样性以及群落稳定性评价

Assessment of Vegetation Characteristics and Community Stability at Baoshan Mining Area of Xuanwei City

在云南省宣威市宝山镇茶园煤矿矿区自然恢复和人工林植被群落调查的基础上,采用多样性指数与M.Godron稳定性指数对植物物种组成、物种多样性及其群落稳定性进行分析,探究不同植被群落结构及稳定性的特征。结果显示:(1)茶园煤矿矿区的植物物种组成共有83种,隶属40科,植物群落相对较为简单,其中自然演替植物群落以菊科、禾本科的草本植物和蔷薇科、杜鹃花科的灌木为主;而人工林内云南松+华山松林植物种类最多,甚至高于自然演替的灌草群落。(2)从矿区整体植被来看,群落的稳定性比较高,M.Godron稳定性指数为1.31,而矿区不同植被群落的欧氏距离差异明显,植被群落稳定性依次为滇杨林(2.06)>云南松+华山松(3.95)>灌草植被(5.72)>杉木林(6.85)>柳杉林(12.07)。本研究可在一定程度上为深井煤矿矿区的生物多样性和群落稳定性评价提供可靠的理论参考,同时为当地煤矿的人工恢复过程中植物物种以及合理配置模式的选择提供科学依据。

In this study,we investigated the plant community for shrub-herb vegetation and 4 communities of artificial re-vegetation in underground coal mining of Baoshan,Xuanwei City.The species composition,species diversity,and community stability of vegetation were analyzed using diversity index and the optimized M.Godron index.The results showed that:(1)A total of 83 plant species were found,belonging to 40 families,which mainly dominated by herbaceous of Compositae,Gramineae and shrub of Rosaceae,Ericaceae;meanwhile the species richness was the highest in Pinus yunnanensis+P.armandii mixed artificial plantation.(2)In general,the plant community of Baoshan mining area is stable and the M.Godron index arrived to 1.31.However,the M.Godron index is significantly variation among different vegetation types,and the order from highness to lowness is plantation of Populus yunnanensis(M.Godron index is 2.06)>mixed plantation of Pinus yunnanensis+P.armandii(M.Godron index is 3.95)>natural succession of shrub-herb vegetation(M.Godron index is 5.72)>plantation of Cunninghamia lanceolata(M.Godron index is 6.85)>plantation of Cryptomeria japonica var.sinensis(M.Godron index is 6.85).To a certain extent,these findings provide a scientific basis for the selection of plant species and rational allocation mode in the process of artificial remediation of local coal mines.