燕居焚香:宋代士人的鼻观与修身

Incense Culture with Aesthetic Spirit and Moral Cultivation in Song Dynasty

香文化的唐宋之变,是社会和观念互动系统演变的结果。从中晚唐到两宋,儒学对玄学和佛学的融合是宋代用香方式转变、香学崛起和发展的根本原因。佛、道祭祀供香在北宋逐渐被士人用于鼻观悟道的禅修,并在程朱理学语境下逐渐演化为修身之香。焚香在宋代是士人精神层面的修身,是程朱理学形成过程中儒学吸收佛家修行方式的印记,是构成宋代美学不可缺少的一部分。

From the Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty,Confucianism absorbed the thoughts of Buddhism and Tao formed the philosophy of the Neo-Confucianism,which marked a great transition of Chinese culture during the Tang and Song dynasties.Thus,the way of using incense was changed.This paper aims to discuss the process in which the incense of Wei-Jin metaphysics and Buddhist moral discipline evolved into the incense of moral cultivation in Neo-Confucianism.