放松信贷约束何以提升家庭农场的效率——基于上海市松江区家庭农场数据的实证分析

How Does the Efficiency of Family Farms Be Improved by Relaxing Credit Constraints:Empirical Analysis Based on Survey Data of Family Farms from Songjiang District,Shanghai

信贷之于规模化经营的家庭农场优化投入资源组合、提升效率有着极其重要的意义。本文利用上海市松江区家庭农场的数据重点考察信贷约束对家庭农场效率的影响。研究结果表明,松江大多数家庭农场的效率水平距离相对有效的生产前沿较远,信贷约束是影响家庭农场效率的关键因素,放松信贷约束能有效地提升家庭农场的效率,平均提升幅度将达到4.64%。放松信贷约束有助于家庭农场土地适度规模经营、增加资本投入以实现对劳动的有效替代以及采用先进的农业生产技术,促进家庭农场长期有效经营,从而提升家庭农场的效率。为了尽可能降低信贷约束对家庭农场效率的不利影响,金融机构应为家庭农场提供更精准的信贷服务,鼓励家庭农场走适度规模经营之路;要加大金融机构对家庭农场购买大型农机具的贷款力度,助力家庭农场实现资本对劳动的有效替代;要根据家庭农场生产经营过程中的资金需求,优化农村信贷服务,创新信贷产品,以鼓励家庭农场采用先进的农业生产技术。

Credit is important for family farms with scale operations to optimize the combination of input resources and improve efficiency.Using survey data from Songjiang,Shanghai,this study aims to examine the impact of credit constraints on the efficiency of family farms.The study findings suggest that most family farms in Songjiang are far from the relatively efficient production frontier,and credit constraints are critical faotors affecting the efficiency of family farms.And relaxing credit constraints can effectively increase the average efficiency of family farms by 4.64%.Because relaxing credit constraints will help family farms realize moderate-scale operation,increase capital investment to effectively replace labor,and adopt advanced technologies,to promote the long-term and effective operation,thereby improving the efficiency of family farms.To minimize the adverse impact of credit constraints on the efficiency of family farms,financial institutions should provide more accurate credit services for family farms,and encourage family farms to operate on a moderate land scale.It is necessary to increase loans for family farms to purchase large agricultural machinery to help realize the effective substitution of capital for labor.Rural credit services should be optimized according to the capital needs in the production and credit products should be innovated to encourage family farms to adopt advanced agricultural technologies.