农民分化与农地流转矛盾——基于农用人力资本专用性的中介效应分析

Farmers’Differentiation and Contradiction of Farmland Circulation:The Intermediary Effect Based on the Specificity of Agricultural Human Capital

增强农地流转矛盾化解水平、提升农村公共危机防范能力,是构建乡村和谐社会、建设新时期乡村治理体系的重要内容。本文选取“不同类型农民”作为研究对象,探究不同分化水平中的农户农用人力资本专用性差异对农地流转矛盾发生的影响机理。研究结果表明,农地流转过程中,农地流转矛盾发生的激烈程度依照纯农户(不包括种植大户型纯农户或家庭农场型纯农户)、一兼农户、二兼农户、类市民化农户顺序依次显著下降;农用人力资本专用性在农民分化与农地流转矛盾之间存在中介效应。研究结论在理论层面拓展了有关农地流转矛盾缘由的知识积累;从实践层面启示出,在继续加强农业专业化服务体系建设、切实增强非种植大户农业生产社会化服务可获性的同时,要继续加强其非农收入能力建设,减少他们对农地的依赖性,降低来源于非种植大户农民自身的农用人力资本专用性,从源头上着手化解农地流转矛盾,促进农地流转市场的良性发展。

Enhancing the level of contradiction resolution in farmland transfer,and improving the ability of rural public crisis prevention in rural areas are significant parts of building a harmonious rural society and a new-period rural governance system.This article selects“different types of farmers”as the research object and explores the impact mechanism of differences in the specificity of the agricultural human capital of farmers with different degrees of differentiation on the contradiction of farmland transfer.The research results show that the intensity of the contradiction in the farmland transfer decreased significantly in the order of pure farmers(excluding large-scale farmers or family farms),farmers with a low degree of part-timework(Multiple occupations farmers typeⅠ),farmers with a higher degree of part-time work(Multiple occupations farmers typeⅡ),and farmers who resemble farmers of citizenization,and the specificity of agricultural human capital has an intermediary effect between farmer differentiation and the farmland transfer.At the theoretical level,this conclusion expands the accumulation of knowledge about the causes of contradictions of farmland transfer.At the practical level,it has inspired us to continue to strengthen the construction of the agricultural professional service system and effectively increase the availability of socialized services for agricultural production by large non-planting households.Then,it is necessary to continue to strengthen the capacity-building of farmers′non-agricultural income,decrease their dependence on agricultural land,and reduce the specificity of agricultural human capital derived from large non-planting households themselves.In this way,the contradiction of farmland transfer can be solved from the source,and the farmland rental market can also develop healthily.