黄河流域高质量发展的生态保护与国土空间利用策略

Strategies of ecosystem protection and territory spatial utilization for high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin

研究面向黄河流域高质量发展的生态保护与国土空间利用策略,对推进黄河流域生态文明建设和促进全国区域平衡发展具有重要现实意义。以高质量发展为导向,基于“压力—状态—响应”关系,提出黄河流域高质量发展的生态保护与国土空间利用策略研究框架;分析黄河流域城镇化发展压力带来的土地开垦、生态退耕和建设占用等生态建设与土地开发行为,及其对国土空间格局和生态系统的影响;并从国土空间开发利用限制和资源环境承载能力的视角揭示了黄河流域生态保护、农业生产与国土空间开发的限制性差异;根据目前黄河流域存在的突出问题和独特的“自然—人文”特征,提出面向黄河流域高质量发展的生态保护与国土空间利用策略;实施黄河流域“水资源保护—绿色发展—文化传承”建设协同发展战略,开展黄河流域国家自然保护区保护、生态基础设施网络建设、绿色产业发展与特色文化传承战略部署,并制订相关引导政策与保障措施,为黄河流域高质量发展提供支撑保障。

The study on strategies of high-quality development oriented ecosystem protection and territory spatial utilization has important practical significance for promoting the construction of ecological civilization in the Yellow River Basin and the balanced development in the whole China. A theoretical research framework of strategies for ecosystem protection and territory spatial utilization for high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin was constructed based on the relationship of "Pressure-State-Response". Under the framework, this paper analyzed the ecological construction and land development behavior including land reclamation, grain for green and urban encroachment brought by the pressure of urbanization,and its impact on the evolution of the land spatial patterns and ecosystem in the study area. The spatial differences in restrictions between ecosystem protection, agricultural production and territory spatial development in the basin, from the perspective of territory spatial utilization and development restrictions and the resource and environmental carrying capacity, were also examined. Based on prominent problems existing and the unique "natural-humanistic" characteristics in the Yellow River Basin, the coordinated development strategy of "water resources protection-green development-cultural inheritance" for the high-quality development were proposed, including the National Nature Reserve protection, the ecological infrastructure network construction, the green industry development and characteristic cultural inheritance,and the relevant guiding policies and the safeguard measures. It can provide support and guarantee for the high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin.