北极气候和陆地环境变化对第一产业影响研究进展

The impact of Arctic climatic and terrestrial environmental changes on primary industry:A review

北极地区正在经历前所未有的气候及陆地环境变化,气温升高、植被绿化、冻土融化以及野火频发等因素已经对北极地区的第一产业产生了广泛而深远的影响。为了支撑气候变化背景下北极第一产业的可持续发展与相关政策的制定,有必要加强北极气候及陆地环境变化对第一产业影响的整体性认识。本文针对北极地区的种植业、畜牧业、林业以及渔业4个第一产业部门,系统梳理了它们受到气候及陆地环境变化影响的类型与程度。同时,本文基于跨部门视角总结了当前北极环境变化对第一产业影响的相关研究,并从5个方面进行了分析与展望:①气候及陆地环境变化对第一产业的具体影响方式;②整合局域性科学认识的挑战;③气候变化适应策略的制定与实施;④数据与方法层面的整合与创新;⑤气候变化影响下北极第一产业变化对中国的启示。本文总结了未来气候变化背景下北极第一产业研究的重点领域,可为中国参与北极第一产业资源的可持续利用与开发提供参考。

The Arctic is undergoing unprecedented climatic and terrestrial environmental changes.The Arctic primary industry has experienced a wide and significant effect from these shifting environmental factors,such as rising temperatures,greening vegetation,thawing permafrost,and frequent wildfires.It is essential to integrate the knowledge of impacts caused by climatic and terrestrial environmental changes on Arctic primary production in order to support the sustainable development of primary industry and inform the formulation of industrial policies.The four main sectors of primary industry(cultivation,livestock husbandry,forestry,fishery and aquaculture)were discussed in this work.This study synthesized the types and extent of the impacts caused by climatic and terrestrial environmental changes on each sector,and provided a summary and outlook from five aspects with a cross-sector perspective:(1)the specific ways of climate changes affecting primary production;(2)the challenges of integrating knowledge from local researches;(3)the enactment and implementation of adaptation strategies;(4)the demand for integration and innovation in data and methods;and(5)the inspiration of the climate change-induced alteration in Arctic primary industry for China.This study concluded the priorities of researching the impact of climate changes on Arctic primary industry,and the results would be capable to aid China's participation in the sustainable development of Arctic primary producing activities.