长江经济带重点区域农田生态系统服务价值评价

Study on accounting evaluation of farmland ecosystem service values in key areas of Yangtze River Economic Belt

农田生态系统有着巨大的生态服务价值,同时作为碳汇在中国实现“双碳”目标中发挥重要作用。以长江经济带重点地区为研究区,以农田生态系统为研究对象,构建了湖北省农田生态产品价值评估指标体系,基于2010~2020年统计年鉴及相关数据,对湖北省及各市州农田生态服务价值及农田固碳减排现状进行评估,并对表征不同农作物固碳减排能力的计算公式进行优化。结果表明:(1)从时间变化来看,2010~2020年湖北省农田生态系统服务价值呈现显著增长趋势,主要受农产品供给、气体调节和水资源调节的影响。(2)从空间变化来看,湖北省各市州单位面积农田生态系统服务价值呈从东到西逐步减少趋势,农产品年产量及年降雨量是主要影响因素。(3)湖北省农田生态系统总固碳量呈先增加后减少趋势,主要受农作物产量和固碳系数影响。农作物单位播种面积碳吸收强度公式可以用来衡量各农作物的碳固定能力。建议通过改变农业种植结构,种植单位播种面积碳吸收强度较大的农作物等耕种措施实现粮食安全与农田固碳减排双赢。

Farmland ecosystem has great ecological service values,and as a carbon sink,it plays an important role in realizing the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals of China.In this paper,Hubei Province,the key area of the Yangtze River Economic Belt,is taken as the research area,and the farmland ecosystem is taken as the research object.Based on the statistical yearbook of Hubei Province from 2010 to 2020 and related data,an evaluation index system of farmland ecological product value in Hubei Province is constructed.The values of farmland ecological services and the current situation of farmland carbon absorption and emission reduction in Hubei Province and various cities and counties are evaluated,and the calculation formulas that characterize the carbon absorption and emission reduction capacity of different crops are optimized.The results showed that:(1)From the perspective of time change,the service values of farmland ecosystem in Hubei Province showed a significant increasing trend from 2010 to 2020,which was mainly affected by the supply of agricultural products,gas regulation and water resources regulation.(2)From the perspective of spatial change,the service values of farmland ecosystem per unit area of each city and prefecture in Hubei Province showed a trend of decreasing gradually from east to west,and the annual rainfall and annual output of agricultural products were the main influencing factors.(3)The total carbon absorption of farmland ecosystem in Hubei Province firstly increased and then decreased,which was mainly affected by crop yield and carbon absorption coefficient.The formula of carbon absorption intensity per unit sown area of crops can be used to measure carbon fixation capacity of each crop.It is suggested to change the agricultural planting structure and plant crops with high carbon absorption intensity per unit area to achieve a win-win situation of food security and farmland carbon absorption and emission reduction.