枯水期水位变化下菜子湖湿地生态修复

Ecological restoration of Caizi Lake wetland under water level change in dry period

引江济淮工程运行后,菜子湖作为调蓄湖泊,枯水期水位将有所抬升,泥滩和草本沼泽面积会相应减少,会对候鸟越冬期菜子湖水鸟栖息和觅食造成一定影响。因此,亟需在工程运行前开展湿地生态修复技术研究,探索适宜于菜子湖的湿地生态修复技术,确保工程不利影响得到最大程度的缓解。结合菜子湖湿地植被覆盖率现状及规划水平年2030年和2040年枯水期水位抬升对菜子湖湿地带来的可能性影响,提出在湖区实施试验性生态修复工程、在湖滨带实施植被修复工程。试验性修复主要是结合工程运行后菜子湖湿地水位变化过程及湿地生境影响分析结果,在菜子湖区选取3块试验性修复区域进行微地形改造和植被修复,改善水位抬升后泥滩和草本沼泽生境的出露问题。湖滨带植被修复主要是沿湖滨带构建植物群落带,改善菜子湖区存在的沉水植物退化问题。为保障湿地生态修复实施效果及湿地生态修复措施的可持续性,建议开展湿地生态修复实施效果评估,并根据实施效果评估情况进一步优化湿地生态修复技术方案或在湖区其他区域相机实施生态修复工程。

After the operation of the Yangtze-to-Huaihe River Water Transfer Project,the water level of Caizi Lake will be raised in the dry period,and the area of mudflats and herbaceous marshes will be reduced accordingly,which will have a certain impact on the roosting and feeding of waterfowl in Caizi Lake during the wintering period of migratory birds.Therefore,it is urgent to carry out wetland ecological restoration technology research before the operation of the project,and explore the wetland ecological restoration technology suitable for Caizi Lake to mitigate the adverse effects of the project to the greatest extent.In this paper,we propose to implement experimental ecological restoration projects in the lake area and vegetation restoration projects in the lakeshore area,taking into account the current vegetation coverage of the wetlands of Caizi Lake and the possible impact of water level rise on the wetlands of Caizi Lake during the dry period in 2030 and 2040.The experimental restoration mainly combines the process of water level change and wetland habitat impact analysis of Cazi Lake wetland after the project operation,and selects three experimental restoration areas in Cazi Lake for microtopography transformation and vegetation restoration to improve the exposure of mudflat and herbaceous marsh habitat after water level rise.The lakeshore zone vegetation restoration is mainly to build a plant community zone along the lakeshore zone to improve the submerged plant degradation in Caizi Lake.In order to guarantee the implementation effect of wetland ecological restoration and the sustainability of wetland ecological restoration measures,it is recommended to carry out the evaluation on the implementation effect of wetland ecological restoration and further optimize the technical scheme of wetland ecological restoration or implement ecological restoration projects in other areas of the lake area according to the evaluation of the implementation effect.