新形势下水利水电工程农村移民生产安置路径选择

Path choice of production resettlement for rural immigrants caused by water conservancy and hydropower projects under new situation

移民安置工作历来就是水利水电工程建设的重点与难点,计算生产安置人口并进行生产安置是水利水电工程建设征地的独特要求,在征地移民历史上发挥了重要作用。在新的形势下,生产安置存在人口界定困难、规划方案难以落实、生产安置效果不明显、移民生产(就业)可持续性较低等问题。通过总结移民工作实践经验,分析研究政策文献资料,提出农村移民生产安置的路径选择:逐步淡化生产安置人口概念,以“恢复被征收土地原有功能和价值”为核心进行多元安置;衔接最新《土地管理法》修订相关设计规范,对建设征地进行公平合理的补偿;建立健全就业培训机制;将移民纳入城乡社会保障体系;构建“增收+就业促进+社会保障”为一体的多元保障模式。

The resettlement work has always been the key and difficult point in the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects.Calculating production resettlement population and carrying out production resettlement is a unique requirement for land expropriation for water conservancy and hydropower project construction,which has played an important role in the history of land expropriation and resettlement.Under the new situation,there are some problems in production resettlement:it is difficult to define the population arranged in production and implement the resettlement program;the effect of production resettlement is not obvious;and the production(or employment)sustainability of immigrant is lower.By summarizing the practical experiences of resettlement work and analyzing the policy and literature,this paper puts forward a path choice of production resettlement for rural immigrant:weakening the concept of population arranged in production gradually and taking‘restoring the original function and value of the expropriated land’as the core to carry out multiple resettlement;revising relevant specifications by combing with the latest Land Management Law to make fair and reasonable compensation mechanism for expropriated land;setting up and completing the employment training mechanism;bringing resettlement into the urban and rural social security system;and building a multiple resettlement mode which consists of‘income increasing,employment promoting and social security improving.