过渡金属氧化物/石墨烯复合材料的制备及其性能研究

Preparation and properties of transition metal oxide/graphene composites

利用水热合成法制备氧化镍/石墨烯复合材料,通过控制六水合硝酸镍、十二烷基硫酸钠和尿素物质的量比以及反应时间制备氧化镍。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对所制备的氧化镍/石墨烯复合材料进行形貌观察;采用傅里叶红外光谱来表征各功能化官能团;利用循环伏安、恒流充放电和交流阻抗等测试对其电化学性能进行表征。结果表明:在六水合硝酸镍、十二烷基硫酸钠以及尿素物质的量比为8∶2∶1,水热反应时间为20 h的条件下,经煅烧制备的氧化镍形貌特征较好;氧化镍和石墨烯材料在电流密度为2.0 A/g时质量比电容为248.80 F/g,是单纯NiO(113.00 F/g)的2倍多,复合材料电极具有优异的电化学性能。

Nickel oxide/graphene composites were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis method.Nickel oxide was prepared by controlling the molar ratio of nickel nitrate hexahydrate,sodium dodecyl sulfate and urea and reaction time as variables.The morphology of the prepared nickel oxide/graphene composites was observed by scanning electron microscope(SEM).Fourier infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)was used to characterize each functional groups.The electrochemical properties were characterized by cyclic voltammetry,constant current charge-discharge and AC impedance.The results showed that under the conditions of the molar ratio of nickel nitrate hexahydrate,sodium lauryl sulfate and urea of 8∶2∶1 and the hydrothermal reaction time of 20 h,the morphology of nickel oxide prepared by calcination was better.The mass specific capacitance of the composite material at the current density of 2.0 A/g was 248.80 F/g,which was more than twice that of the single NiO(113.00 F/g).The composite electrode had excellent electrochemical performance.