广州增城程乡腔客家话的“佢”字句

On the Constructions with[ki■]佢in Chengxiang Hakka Dialect in Zengcheng District,Guangzhou City in Guangdong Province

本文对增城程乡腔客家话“佢”字句的语义类型、句法结构和结构扩展情况进行考察,并比较其与普通话“把”字句的异同,认为“佢”是个多功能成分。典型“佢”字句是客家话非现实环境下的狭义处置式,“佢”是一个处置标记。“佢”可用于无受事的句子,表主观施动义;还扩展到非宾格性动词词组后,表自动变化义;并能与泛化的光杆动词一起构成惯用语祈使句,是表祈使的语气助词;且进一步发展出句中用法,逐渐演变为动补词组附加成分。

This paper investigates the semantic types,syntactic constructions as well as the extended usages of constructions with■佢in Chengxiang Hakka dialect in Zengcheng district,Guangzhou city,Guangdong province.It compares these constructions with■with the ba把-constructions in Putonghua and shows that■佢is a multifunctional constituent.Its typical function is to behave as a disposal marker in irrealis context.It also evolves into a morpheme indicating agentivity and spontaneous change-of-state meaning in patient-free sentences and unaccusative constructions respectively.It can also function as a particle to follow a generic transitive verb thus to form an idiomatic imperative.A rare but notable phenomenon is that■佢further develops into a clitic inserted between the verb-complemen phrase and the object.