汉语方言处所介词“走”的语法化

The Grammaticalization of the Locative Preposition Zou走in Chinese Dialects

本文从共时方言分布和历时语法演变两方面论证汉语方言方向、源点和经由介词“走”来源于“奔跑”义动词“走”。动词“走”于汉代开始出现于连动式“走奔向义+NL+V”之中,随着V次类的变换,动词“走”于北宋重新分析为源点介词,于南宋重新分析为方向介词,并至晚于明末由源点介词发展为经由介词,其语法化路径为“奔向、趋向>方向”和“奔向、趋向>源点>经由”。现代汉语方言中的处所介词“走”几乎保留了近代汉语处所介词“走”的所有语法功能。

This essay argues that the preposition zou走in Chinese dialects,ontologically indicating DIRECTION,SOURCE,or ROUTE,derived from the verb zou走(lit.run),from perspectives of geographical distribution and diachronic evolution.The verb zou走began to occur in the verb construction Zou走+NL+V_(2)in the Han Dynasty.It evolved into the preposition indicating SOURCE in Northern Song Dynasty and into the directional preposition in Southern Song Dynasty along with the transfer of semantic subcategory concerning V_(2).Then the SOURCE preposition zou走further developed into the preposition encoding ROUTE no later than the late of the Ming Dynasty.It went through the grammaticalization path formulated as:run towards>direction and run towards>source>route.The locative preposition zou走in Chinese dialects preserves almost all of the grammatical functions performed in Comtemporary Chinese.