牛结核病的临床症状、病理变化及诊断方法

Clinical Symptoms,Pathological Changes and Diagnostic Methods of Bovine Tuberculosis

牛结核病属于重要的人畜共患的慢性传染病,可以侵害多种动物,特别是奶牛最易感。牛感染后,病初无明显症状,随着病程延长病症才逐渐显露。牛结核病感染部位不同症状表现不同,最常发生的是肺结核,病牛无明显临床症状,但易疲劳,随着病情进一步发展,呼吸频率增加,严重时发生气喘。剖检肉眼可见病灶,常见已经钙化的白色结节,用刀切开,会有沙砾感。牛结核病不仅降低了动物的使役功能,同时也大大增加了人患结核病的风险,造成不可估计的损失。牛结核病的诊断方法有细菌学诊断法、分子生物学诊断法和免疫学诊断法。目前,最好的预防方法是采取综合性措施,防止病原传入,培育健康牛群。净化污染牛群,有效防控牛结核病对保证我国养牛业可持续性健康发展和人民身体健康至关重要。

Bovine tuberculosis is an important zoonotic chronic infectious disease that can affect a variety of animals,especially cows.After cattle infection,there are no obvious symptom at the beginning of the disease,and the symptoms gradually reveal themselves as the course of the disease prolongs.Bovine tuberculosis infection site different manifestations,and the most common occurrence is tuberculosis.Sick cattle have no obvious clinical symptoms,but easy fatigue,with the further development of the disease,respiratory rate increases,even with the severe wheezing.Lesions are visible to the naked eye on autopsy,white nodules are ofen calcified.Cut with a knife,will have a grit feeling.Bovine tuberculosis not only reduces the service function of animals,but also greatly increases the risk of tuberculosis in humans,causing immeasurable losses.Bovine tuberculosis is diagnosed by bacteriological diagnosis,molecular biology and immunology.At present,the best preventive method is to take comprehensive measures to prevent the introduction of pathogens,and cultivate healthy cattle.Purify polluted cattle,and effectively prevent and control cattle tuberculosis are the keys to ensure the sustainable and healthy development of China's cattle industry and the health of people.