γ-石墨单炔的制备及在能量储存与转化领域的应用

Synthesis ofγ-Graphyne and Its Applications in the Fields of Energy Storage and Conversion

炔碳材料是一种新兴的二维碳同素异形体,具有一定的导电性和较高的比表面积,其sp~2和sp型杂化碳组成的多孔结构,拓展了离子输运通道,提升了电荷转移能力,在能量储存与转化领域展现出广阔的应用前景。γ-石墨单炔(γ-GY)是理论上结构最稳定的单炔类炔碳材料,具有稳定的共轭体系、独特的三角孔结构,有助于离子的脱嵌和迁移;同时γ-GY还具有良好的半导体性能,在光电催化方面也具有很大的应用潜力。另外,通过异原子掺杂或前驱体分子结构设计调控γ-GY的构型和电子排布,有利于拓展γ-GY在能源领域的应用。本文重点总结了γ-GY的制备方法及其在锂(钠、钾)离子电池和光电催化方面的应用研究进展,提出了γ-GY类材料面临的挑战与机遇,并展望其在能源领域的发展趋势。

Alkyne carbon material is a novel two-dimensional carbon allotrope with good electrical conductivity and high specific surface area.The porous structure composed of sp~2-and sp-hybridized carbon promotes charge transfer and ion transport,which endows alkyne carbon material with broad application prospects in the field of energy storage and conversion.Theoretically,γ-graphyne(γ-GY)has the highest stability among theγ-GY-like carbon materials due to its stable conjugated system and unique triangular pore structure,which promotes the ionic intercalation/de-intercalation process in alkali metal ion batteries.Given its excellent semiconductor properties,γ-GY is also an ideal candidate for photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution.Besides,the molecular framework and electron configuration ofγ-GY can be regulated by heteroatom doping or rational molecular structural design of organic precursors.This review summarized synthesis methods ofγ-GY and its applications in lithium(sodium and potassium)ion batteries,electrocatalysis,and photocatalysis,then further proposed the challenges and opportunities in the energy field.