近代日本学者的中国认识

Modern Japan Scholars’Understanding of China

近代日本的中国认识逻辑体系多元、认知倾向各异、终极结论庞杂。内藤湖南从热爱中国文化的心绪出发,断定中国现实国家在实质上已经“消亡”,为日本向中国渗透势力辩解;“东洋学派”历史学家基于对中国的“厌恶与蔑视”,提出“尧舜禹抹杀论”和“间空地理论”,为日本侵华行为寻找历史依据;北一辉在认识到辛亥革命的思想文化意义的同时,推演中国革命的未来发展,为日本入侵中国出谋划策;哲学家西田几多郎将中国文化作为论证日本文化“独特性”的对照系,强调日本文化具有“同化”中国和印度文化的功能。从总体上看,近代日本的中国认识立足日本国家优先立场,视中国为近代世界的“落伍者”,诋毁近代中国的爱国救亡运动、反帝反封建运动和民族解放运动;持“分裂中国论”,漠视中华民族历史上形成的“大一统”理念;立足社会达尔文主义,试图将侵略中国“合理化”;突出日本文化的“超越性”立场,为近代日本侵占亚洲和世界寻找“道义”依据。

Modern Japan’s understanding of China had multiple logical systems,different cognitive tendencies and complex ultimate conclusions.From the sentiment of loving Chinese culture,Naito Konan concluded that the real country of China had“died out”in essence,and defended Japan’s infiltration into China.The“Toyo School”historians,put forward the theory of“Yao Shun Yu’s Obliteration”and the“Ownerless land theory”,in order to seek historical evidence for Japan’s aggression against China.While recognizing the ideological and cultural significance of the Revolution of 1911,Kita Ikki deduced the future development of the Chinese revolution and gave some suggestions for Japan’s invasion of China.The philosopher,Nishida Kitaro took Chinese culture as a reference and stepping stone to demonstrate the“uniqueness”of Japanese culture,and emphasized that Japanese culture has the function of“assimilating”Chinese and Indian culture.On the whole,modern Japan’s understanding of China was based on Japan’s national priority position,it regarded China as a“laggard”in the modern world,and denigrated modern China’s patriotic national salvation movement,anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism movement and national liberation movement.It held the theory of“splitting China”and ignored the idea of“great unification”formed in the history of the Chinese nation.It also highlighted the“transcendence”position of Japanese culture,and sought the“moral”evidence for modern Japan’s invasion of Asia and the whole world.