北约集体防御方针的历史与现实分析

Analysis on History and Reality of NATO’s Collective Defense Guideline

北约集体防御方针拥有深厚的思想基础,包括欧洲集体安全传统、美国区域防御原则与联合国区域安全理念。该方针强调战略威慑与实力建设、军事防御与政治暨意识形态进取并举、各成员国团结协作,具有复合而非单一、多元化目标取向、动态而非静态、发挥长时段效用等特性。冷战后,北约大幅度调整其集体防御方针,增加了战略转型、东扩、预防性危机处置、伙伴关系和对外合作等内容。未来北约不会放弃集体防御这面旗帜,但集体防御方针将会异化,集体安全理念将进一步放大。

There was an ideological foundation of NATO’s collective defense guideline,which included the collective security tradition of Europe,the regional defense principle of USA,the regional security concept of UN.It emphasized strategic deterrence and strength building,military defense and politics-ideology attack,meanwhile,solidarity and cooperation among members.NATO’s collective defense policy was complex than single,multiple targeted,dynamic than static,long-term utility.There were transformation,enlargement,crisis management,partnership and external cooperation more after the Cold War.NATO won’t give up the banner of collective defense guideline in the future,but it will alienate,and the collective security concept will be further enlarged.