冷战中的美国非洲文化学会研究(1956—1969)

A Study of American Society of African Culture in Cold War,1956—1969

20世纪50年代到60年代,一批黑人知识精英在美国创立了名为“美国非洲文化学会”的非政府组织。成立之初,这一组织主要以扶持、资助和推动黑人文化发展为主要目标,是一个标准的少数族裔社会文化组织。随着美国对非政策的转变,美非学会抓住机遇,以架起美非“合作桥梁”为主要使命,在冷战政治、社会和文化议题上大做文章。美非学会的这一转变,使其在美国名噪一时。但从1966年开始,在遭受包括美国政府冷战战略转型、组织内部矛盾、外部资金撤出、社会声誉崩溃在内的一系列打击后,美非学会迅速衰落。美非学会的兴衰,为人们深入认识肯尼迪时代的美国对非外交提供了独特的视角。

During the 1950 s and 1960 s,a group of black intellectuals founded the American Society of African Culture(AMSAC),a non-governmental organization located in the United States.At its inception,the organization’s main objective was to support,finance and promote the development of black culture as a minority-favoured socio-cultural organization.However,when the United States changed its policy towards Africa,the US government began to pursue a so-called cultural diplomacy policy.It was at this point that the AMSAC,acting as a bridge between Africa and the US,gradually shifted its original focus towards the Cold War political arena,trying to build“a bridge of cooperation”between the US and Africa.Making the best of the academic status and social connections of its members,AMSAC made itself a top figure in American politics.However,after a series of serious blows since 1966,AMSAC went down rapidly and was quickly replaced by other organizations.The rise and fall of the AMSAC provided a unique insight into US foreign policy towards Africa during the Kennedy era.